1,721,116 research outputs found
Barriers against Agricultural Exports from Pakistan: The Role of WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement
Full text linkThere has been growing recognition that Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement can impede trade in agricultural and food products. Pakistan, in particular experiences problems in meeting the SPS requirements of developed countries and, it is claimed, this can seriously impede its ability to export agricultural and food products. Attempts have been made to reduce the trade distortive effects of SPS measures through, for example, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) SPS Agreement, although it is claimed that current initiatives fail to address many of the key problems experienced by Pakistan and other developing countries. The present paper explores implications of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) agreement on exports of agricultural and food products from Pakistan. It identifies the problems that Pakistan faces in meeting SPS requirements and how these relate to the nature of SPS measures and the compliance resources available to Government of Pakistan and the supply chain. The paper examines the impact of SPS agreement on the extent to which SPS measures impede exports from Pakistan. It identifies the problems that limit participation of Pakistan in the SPS agreement and its concerns about the way in which it currently operates. The paper is organised into seven sections. In Section II salient features of the SPS agreement are highlighted. Section III delineates key issues arising from the implementation of SPS measures. Section IV summarises factors determining limits to effective participation of Pakistan and other developing countries in the SPS agreement. Section V outlines main concerns of Pakistan to the adoption and implementation of SPS measures. Section VI presents brief note on wider implications of SPS agreement for Pakistan. And finally Section VII summarises main conclusions and outlines policy measures
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Strengthening of Shear Deficient Beams with CFRP Laminates with Different Types of Anchorage Systems
No full textA Master of Science thesis in Civil Engineering by Khalid Mustafa Elradi Mohamed entitled, “Strengthening of Shear Deficient Beams with CFRP Laminates with Different Types of Anchorage Systems”, submitted in March 2018. Thesis advisor is Dr. Jamal Abdalla and thesis co-advisor is Dr. Rami Hawileh. Soft and hard copy available.Retrofitting and repairing deteriorating structures have been achieved using several techniques. Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete (RC) members in shear with externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) plates and sheets has been commonly accepted. FRP de-bonding from the concrete substrate is one of the most common types of failure in shear strengthening of RC beams. Many shear strengthening methods have used different anchorage systems to solve the problem of the de-bonding of FRP laminates. The most common types of anchorage in use include full wrapping, U-wrapping, FRP-spikes, in addition to other types of mechanical anchorages. This study explores the use of groove-epoxy and bore-epoxy anchorages. In this investigation, 15 shear deficient rectangular RC beams were strengthened with carbon (CFRP) sheets and plates bonded by groove-epoxy anchorages of different widths and bore-epoxy anchorages of different depths and spacing. The beams were tested under four-point bending. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using epoxy-anchorages, specifically groove-epoxy and bore-epoxy to reduce or eliminate FRP de-bonding failure and increase the FRP strength that will lead to an increase in shear strength of aging beams. Both methods have shown an increase in the shear capacity when compared with the control beams and with the externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) strengthening method without anchorage. In the groove-epoxy anchorage method, the two medium grooves of 10 mm width showed the best performance among the groove widths while in bore-epoxy anchorage method, the large bores of 30 mm diameter showed the best performance among the bore diameters. Groove-epoxy anchors have increased the shear capacity by 112 % over the control beam and 52 % over the EBR strengthened beam. Bore-epoxy anchors have increased the shear capacity up to 68 % over the control beam and 20 % over the EBR strengthened beam. The shear strength of three specimens were predicted using the relevant codes of practice (ACI-440.2R-08, CAN/CSA-S806-02, FIB 14 and TR55). The prediction showed that CAN/CSA-S806-02 is the most accurate when compared with the other codes.College of EngineeringDepartment of Civil EngineeringMaster of Science in Civil Engineering (MSCE
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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