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Abu Zekeriyya Yahya b. Ömer El-endelüsî (V. 289/901) and his work Ahkâmu's-sûk (edition critical)
No full textYahya b. Ömer'in (ö. 289/901) “Ahkâmu's-sûk”, “Akdiyetü's-sûk”, “en-Nazaru ve'l-ahkâm alâ es'âri'l-müslimîn fi'l-mevâzîn ve'z-zîbât ve cemî'i ahvâli esvâki'l-müslimîn”, “el-Kavlu fîmâ yenbeğî en-nazaru fîhi mine'l-esvâk” adlarıyla anılan kitabı hisbe müessesesi ve İslam hukukunun piyasa ile ilgili kısmı için en eski ve önemli yegane kaynak olarak değerlendirilir. Müellif bu eserinde kendi dönemindeki ticari muamelelerden bahsetmiş, bunlarla alakalı fıkhi meseleleri soru cevap tekniğiyle ele alıp incelemiştir. Soruyu soran bazen öğrencileri el-Kasrî, İbn Şibl iken bazen Kayrevân çarşısı ile Tunus'un Sûse çarşısının mesul kişileri ile başkaları da olabilmektedir. Ayrıca söz konusu kitap müellifin yaşadığı dönemde Mağrip ve Endülüs'te en önemli okul sayılan Mağrip Fıkıh Medresesi'nin görüşlerini yansıtan bir ayna konumundadır. Zira kitapta İmam Mâlik'ten ve Mâlikî mezhebinin İbnü'l-Kâsım, Eşheb, Asbağ ve Sahnûn gibi önemli simalarından çokça nakiller bulunmaktadır. Bunun yanında Kâdî İbn Tâlib'in fetvalarına da yer verilmiş ve bunlar onaylanmıştır. Kitap bir başka açıdan da müellifin yaşadığı dönemdeki sosyal ve ekonomik hayatı gösteren bir ayna sayılabilir. Kitabın dili oldukça açık ve akıcıdır. Genellikle meselelerin delillerine ister mezhep (Mâlikî mezhebi) içi ister mezhep dışı olsun fıkhi münakaşalara yer verilmemiştir. Zira soru soranlar yalnızca sordukları sorunun dini bakımdan net cevabını aradıkları için buna ihtiyaç olmamıştır. Müellif ticari muamelelerin sadece hükmünün belirtmekle yetinmemiş konunun ahlaki boyutundan da bahsetmiştir. Aldatma, ölçüde eksiltme ve garar bunlar arasında sayılabilir. Böylece kendisine arzedilen meselelerin hem dini hem de ahlaki boyutunu ele alan bir üslup kullanmıştır. Tezimizde yöntem olarak öncelikle kitap üzerine Fıkhî bir inceleme yaptık. Daha sonra ilmî bir şekilde eseri tahkik ettik. Bu tahkikte okuyanların konuları rahatça anlayabilmeleri ve eserden azamî ölçüde istifade edebilmeleri için kitapta yer alan meselelerin başka mezheplerde ve kaynaklardeki hükmüne, hadislerin tahricine ve özel isimlerin izahına da yer verilmiştir.The book of Yahya b. Omer (d. 289/901) called “ Ahkam es-Suk, Akdiyet es-Suk, en-Nazaru ve'l-Ahkam ala esari'l-muslimin fi'l-mevazin ve'z-zibat ve cemii ahvali esavaki'l-muslimin, el-kavlu fima yenbegi'n-nazaru fihi mine'l-esvak“ is the oldest and the most important resource about the hisbe organization and the İslamic Market. The author in this book wrote about the traditional transactions of his time. He studied the problems in this area in question-answer technic. Sometimes his students el-Kasri, İbn Şibli asked these questions and sometimes the responsibles of The Kayrevan Bazaar and Suse Bazaar of Tunus and some other people. The book is also accepted to be the mirror of the most important school of Magrib and Endulus ‘Magrib İslamic Law Faculty' in the author's time. Because the book has lots of narrations from the important Maliki scholars such as Imam Malik, İbn Kasım, Eshheb, Asbagh and Sahnun. Besides some fatwas of the judge İbn Talib are also included and approved. The book can also considered to be reflecting the social and economic life of that time. The book is written in a clear and fluent way. The author didn't have any arguments about the fikhi poblems, because the people who ask the questions didn't need any further information. The author didn't only mention whether the transaction is right or not but also talked about the moral side. So he applied both religious and moral standards to all the problems. In our thesis we followed this method; first we had an İslamic Law research on the book. Than we had a scientific inquiry on this book. To let the readers understand the problems in an easy and most effective way we took the same problems from other books and explanations of some private names
İmam Malik ve Muvatta adlı eseri
No full textİlmi yöntemlere göre hazırladığımız bu tezimizde Türkiye'de, İslam dünyasında ve Batıda yapılan İslami araştırmalarda sıkça müracaat edilen kaynaklardan biri olan Muvatta adlı hadis kitabı ile müellifini inceledik. Araştırmamız, bir giriş , iki bölüm ve sonuçtan oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde: araştırma konusunun çerçevesi çizilmiş, araştırmada sıkça başvurulan kaynaklar tanıtılmış, ilk asırlarda hadis tedvini hareketi ve ilk musannifler ile eserleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. Tezimizin birinci bölümünde ilk olarak İmam Malik'in teferruatlı biyografisi verildikten sonra hadis öğrenimi, ilmi şahsiyeti, hocaları, öğrencileri, ahlaki özellikleri, alimlerin kendisi hakkındaki kanaat ve övgüleri, eserleri ve vefatı ayrıntılı bir şekilde işlenmiştir. İkinci olarak ise, İmam Malik'in Muvatta' adlı eseri ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda kitabın ismi, telifi, özellikleri, ilmi değeri, ravileri, rivayet nüshaları ve etrafındaki nüshalar üzerinde durulmuştur. Tezimizin ikinci bölümünde ise, Muvatta'ın muhtevası ve İmam Malik'in Muvatta'daki metodu araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda birincileyin Muvatta'ın hadis muhtevası ve İmam Malik'in Muvatta'daki hadis metodu üzerinde durulmuştur. İkincileyin, Muvatta'ın fıkıh muhtevası ve İmam Malik'in Muvatta'daki metodu incelenmiştir. Araştırmamızın sonuç kısmında ise, ilmi usullere göre hazırladığımız tezimizle ulaştığımız neticeleri özetledik. İmam Malik ve eseri hakkındaolarak şunu diyebiliriz: Muvatta, İmam Malik'in üstünlüğünü gösteren bir eser olup Medine fıkhının önemli ve sağlam bir kaynağıdır. Onu İslam Kültürünün ebedi bir şaheseri olarak nitelendirmek yanlış olmaz. In this scientifically prepared thesis, we examined hadith book called Muvatta which is one of the most populer source of islamic researches in Turkey, in Muslim World and in Europe and we examined its author. Our research is made up of an introduction, two parts and a conclusion. In introduction part, framework of the research is shaped, frequently used sources are acquainted , knowledge about hadith recording moments , first authors and written- works of first author are given. In the first part of our thesis, first of all detailed biography of Imam Malik is given, after that his hadith education, knowledge personality, his teachers, students, his moral characteristics, opinions and eulogies of omniscients to him, his writen- work and his death are given. And for the second part we examined write-work of Imam Malik called Muvatta. Name of the book, its publication, its knowledge value, its transmitters and tranmission copies that surrounds it are examined in detail. In the second part, content of Muvatta and method of Imam Malik for Muvatta are examined. In that contextual, first hadith content and hadith method of Imam Malik in Muvatta is examined and than moslem canonical jurisprudence content and Imam Malik's method in Muvatta is examined in detail. In conclusion we summarized the result of our thesis. In brief we can say about Imam Malik and his written-work : Muvatta is an important written-work which show the superiority of Imam Malik and important source in Medine moslem canonical jurisprudence. We can say, it is a brilliant eternal written- work for islamic culture
Contrubition a letude dynamique des melanges d'homopolymers et de copolymeres en solution et a letat solide.
Get PDFSette thes constine une contribution a letude dynamique des melanges lineaire ramifie et cycliques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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