51 research outputs found
A Comparative Review of the Views about the Verses on Stoning Satans by Meteors
No full textThe present paper seeks to review the Quranic verses on stoning Satans by meteors and reanalyze different interpretive views about the issue, proposed by commentators and thinkers. The paper reviews the view of different scholars and commentators such as Seyyed Qutb, Makarem, Allamah Tabatabaii, Tabarsi, Abdulali Bazargan, Tantawi, Nasr Hamed Abuzeid, and Soroush. Some commentators have implicitly interpreted these verses and others have reviewed the outer meaning of the verses and relevant traditions, relying on detailed specification. Some others have interpreted them on the basis of new cosmological theories. Still others have relied on probable and hypothetical theories. And others have proposed inner meaning for the verses and have considered them as simile and maxim. On the contrary, some commentators hold that these verses cannot be interpreted. Among these views, those regarding the verses as maxim are worthy to be taken into consideration and the view that interprets and justifies the outer meaning of the verses on the basis of new scientific discoveries in the field of cosmology seems more acceptable and correct. Keyvan Ehsani[1] Maryam Parvizian[2] [1] Assistant professor of department of sciences of the Holy Quran and Hadith, Arak University, [email protected] [2] Corresponding author, MA student of sciences of the Holy Quran and Hadith, Arak University, [email protected]
Analyzing Ibn ʿĀdil’s Critiques of Zamakhsharī in Theological and Literary Interpretations of the Qur’anic Verses
No full textReceived: 2021/2/19 | Accepted: 2021/7/4Ibn-ʿĀdil Dimashqī is a nineth-century Interpreter of the Qur’an and an expert scholar in various scientific fields, including Arabic literature, Islamic jurisprudence, principles of Islamic jurisprudence, as well as Islamic Hadith and narrations. Benefiting the viewpoints of dozens of the Qur’anic interpreters and other Islamic scholars, in some cases, he has criticized or refuted them in his own interpretation, namely al-Lubāb fī ʿUlūm al-Kitāb, which should be considered as a large encyclopedia of various Islamic sciences. One of the most famous Qur’anic interpreters who has been criticized by Ibn-ʿĀdil is Zamakhsharī, the early sixth-century author of a prominent Qur’anic interpretation, namely al-Kashshāf. Despite acknowledging the importance and prominence of the work and referring it widely and frequently, Ibn-ʿĀdil has emerged notable controversies over it in terms of theological thoughts based on his Ash’arite presuppositions. One can consider in this regard, for example, their contradictory interpretations concerning some divine attributes that have been mentioned by the Qur’an, such as deceive, anger, mock, arrogance, as well as other Islamic conceptions including intercession and human free will. Using a speculative approach and desk research method, as well as introducing both interpretative works, the present article suggests some examples of Ibn-ʿĀdil’s theological and literary critiques of Zamakhsharī and analyzes the effects of his preferred religious beliefs on his perceptions of the Qur’anic verses, especially in the field of their conflict points.Ehsani, K. (2022) Analyzing Ibn ʿĀdil’s Critiques of Zamakhsharī in Theological and Literary Interpretations of the Qur’anic Verses. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 7 (14) 145-168. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2021.5084.1685
Regularity of projection operators attached to worm domains
No full textThis paper considers the non-smooth unbounded worm domains
Dβ={(z1,z2)∈C2:Re(z1e−ilogz2z⎯⎯⎯2)>0,|logz2z⎯⎯2|<β−π2},
where β>π2. These model domains were important when the first author [Acta Math. 168 (1992), no. 1-2, 1–10; MR1149863] used them to show that on the Diederich-Fornæss worm domains [K. Diederich and J. E. Fornæss, Math. Ann. 225 (1977), no. 3, 275–292; MR0430315] the Bergman projection does not map the Sobolev space Wk into itself when k≥π/(total amount of winding). In the paper under review, the authors construct an oblique projection operator on Dβ which preserves the level of the Sobolev spaces. More precisely, let
L2j(Dβ)={f∈L2(Dβ):f∘ρθ=eijθf},
where ρθ=(z1,eiθz2) is a rotation on Dβ. Define Bj(Dβ):=L2j(Dβ)∩{holomorphic functions on Dβ}, Wsj(Dβ):=L2j(Dβ)∩Ws(Dβ), and Ws(Dβ) the closure of :=C∞0(Dβ) in Ws(Dβ). The main theorem of the paper shows that for all j∈Z there exists a bounded linear projection Tj:=L2(Dβ)→Bj(Dβ)
which satisfies Tj:Ws(Dβ)→Wsj(Dβ)for every s≥0
Validating the Reverse Abrogation Theory( Naskh Ma’kus) with Emphasis on the Opinions Held by Muhammad Taha
No full textOne of the theories about abrogation of Quran is Naskh Ma’kus. This is Muhammad Taha’s theory or attributed to him. The religious thought of Taha includes two main elements, Sufi thoughts and new theories, and Naskh Ma’kus is derived from both of them. There is also another type of abrogation in Taha’s works, is called Naskh Tamhidi .Abrogation has been reflected in Taha's opinions in two main ways: First, Meccan verses ,which are regarded as the original verses, can refute(abrogate) Madinan verses as the marginal. Second, Meccan verses ate regarded as original whereas Madinan verses are regarded as marginal. So something that is marginal is to be temporary and contingent with the expediencies of the spactial, temporal, and addressees. In current study, the above-mentioned theory was delved into in the light of descriptive-analytic- critical. The findings of study indicated that the theory bears some limitations including : Lack of promulgating the changes in eternal message related to Maki verses based on political expediencies of Madinah from the part of Holy Prophet, the lack of objection from the part of Muslims as far as fundamental changes in eternal message of the Maki verses are voncetned, priority of abrogating over abrogated in Taha's theory while the conditions required for the realization of abrogation depends on temporal deferment of abrogating over abrogated, lack of evidence for regarding Meccan verses as original , for Madinan verses as marginal , the existence of contradiction in foundation and marginality of Taha' theor
US efficient factors in a Bayesian model scan framework
No full textPurpose: The author examines the impact these efficient factors have on factor model comparison tests in US returns using the Bayesian model scan approach of Chib et al. (2020), and Chib et al.(2022). Design/methodology/approach: Ehsani and Linnainmaa (2022) show that time-series efficient investment factors in US stock returns span and earn 40% higher Sharpe ratios than the original factors. Findings: The author shows that the optimal asset pricing model is an eight-factor model which contains efficient versions of the market factor, value factor (HML) and long-horizon behavioral factor (FIN). The findings show that efficient factors enhance the performance of US factor model performance. The top performing asset pricing model does not change in recent data. Originality/value: The author is the only one to examine if the efficient factors developed by Ehsani and Linnainmaa (2022) have an impact on model comparison tests in US stock returns
A Study and Critique of Ibn Taymiyyah Theological Principles on the Question of the Visibility of God
No full textIbn Taymiyyah is a renowned Sunni scientist in the seventh and eighth centuries AH. He can be described as the greatest Salafist and intellectual father of Wahhabism who has controversial ideas and opinions on theological issues. One of these views is his belief in the visible appearance of God at the resurrection. In his belief, God is seen by the resurrection eye and has given reasons for his claim. This belief is based on theological principles, the most important of which are: appearance In the Qur'an, the opposition to the rational interpretation of verses, the acceptance of traditions with apparent vision, the overwhelming adherence to self-understanding, and the inefficiency of rational knowledge in theology.Many of these principles are inconsistent with Ibn Taymiyyah's definite intellectual, Qur'anic verses, and even with his other views. In this article, while examining and criticizing his theological foundations, Ibn Taymiyyah's belief in the vision of God at the resurrection is undermined
PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A CAST MODULAR CONNECTOR FOR SEISMIC-RESISTANT STEEL FRAMES.
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author
Digestibility, chemical compound and protein quality of amaranthus forage at two harvested cut
No full textIntroduction Amaranth, genus Amaranthus, belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and includes more than 60 species (28). Amaranth forage, is distinguished by high yield performance of up to 70 t/ha (30). Plant maturity was found to affect neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, CP and nitrate content of amaranth forage (27). Several studies (21, 27, 29) have shown that the nutritive value of amaranth as a ruminant feed is equal to, or better than, commonly used forages such as alfalfa. Its favorable chemical analysis (e.g., high crude protein (CP) and low lignin ranges from 80 to 285 and from 17 to 73 g/kg DM, respectively) and its high dry matter (DM) digestibility (590–790 g/kg DM) low nitrate and oxalic acid concentrations (below toxic levels) suggest that it has potential value as a ruminant feedstuff (21, 23, 27).
Materials and Methods The forage was planted in spring at one field (10 ha) near Karaj city (Iran). The area is at an altitude of 1215 m above sea level, with a mean annual rainfall and temperature is 305.8 mm and 15C◦, respectively. In the early autumn, samples were harvested by hand from at least 10 locations within the field and pooled to five samples. The dry samples were analyzed for DM (method 930.15), ash (method 924.05) and CP (method 9 84.13) of AOAC (6). Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) according to the method of Robertson and Van Soest (35) with NDF and ADF assayed sequentially without a heat stable amylase, and expressed inclusive of residual ash (25). Insoluble CP, soluble CP (SP), true protein (TP), AD insoluble CP (ADICP) and ND insoluble CP (NDICP) were determined according to Licitra method (15). Nitrate was determined by a colorimetric method (8), and oxalic acid was determined according to Abaza method (2). Ca and Mg were determined by atomic absorption, P was analyzed by spectrophotometer and K by flame emission spectrometer (6). DMD, OMD and DOMD were determined by a two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops (32). In a completely randomized experiment with factorial arrangement (2×2) the digestibility, chemical compound and protein quality of two varieties of amaranthus including: Kharkof (K), A. Spp.(S). which were planted as forage crops and harvested at two cuts, were studied. Data were subjected to analysis using the GLM procedure of SAS (26), using the statistical model:
Yijk = µ + Vi + Dj + Vi Dj + eijk
Results and Discussion Results of in vitro two stage digestibility (IVD) for DM, OM and DOMD were 60.19, 58.16 and 49.09, respectively which were significantly (p>0.05) affected by cultivars and interaction between cultivars and cuts. Results indicated that the means of CP, ASH, NDF, ADF,ADL, NDIN, ADIN, Ca, P, Mg, and K were 14.72, 15.44, 40.85, 27.90,5.07,21.76,6.60, 1.55, 0.25, 0.28, 1.48, percent; respectively. Plant maturity was found to affect neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), lignin, CP and nitrate content of amaranth forage. Amaranth contains a high ash content due to its C4 metabolism and a very high carbon uptake per unit area (29). This high ash is in agreement with other researchers (1, 21) .Our amaranth accession had higher NDF (27) and lower ADF (22, 23) in comparison to A. Hypochondriacus reported by other researchers. Lignin content in amaranth is less than that reported by other researchers (27).
With increased plant maturity, fraction B1 decreased, probably due to an increase in cell wall bound N (16). Researchers observed that Similar results in CP fraction of amaranthus hypochoderyacus (21(. We observed that a negative relationship between NDF and fraction B1. There was a tendency for fraction B2 to increase with advancing maturity, similar to other researchers (21). At the second harvest, fraction B3 was higher than that at first harvest, similar to reserchers with amaranthus hypochondriacus (1). Different changes in NDF concentration of plant parts with maturity may explain the differences in proportions of fraction B3 (1). At the second harvest, fraction C increased due to increasing lignification (1). However, the content of fraction C was lower than that reported by abbasi et al. (1) and this fraction is unavailable to the animal (1).
Similar to our results, Sleugh et al. (27). Observed that as forages advance in maturity the CP content decreases (27). The total means of metabolizable energy obtained from IVD method was 2.56Mcal/kg DM. Our amaranth accession had lower metabolizable energy comparison to A. Hypochondriacus accession reported by other researchers (21). The different parts of protein including A, B1, B2, B3 and C, according to CNCPS system orderly were: 40.48, 2.24, 34.19, 16.09 and 7.01 percent of CP and NPN were 94.55 percent of soluble protein, the quantities of nitrate and oxalate were 0.34 and 5.37 percent (DM basis) respectively. Nitrate levels in our amaranthus forage were lower than the toxic level (i.e., >10–30 g/kg DM) reported by some researchers (3, 35). Sleugh et al. (27)reported higher nitrate levels (i.e.,18g/kg DM) for A. Hypochondriacus (27). The oxalic acid content of our amaranth is lower than that observed by Several studies (i.e., 2–114 g/kg DM) (5, 11, 31). Several studies have shown that the amount of amaranthus CP is between 12 to 27 Percent in whole crop (17, 29) and the other researchers show that the amount of amaranthus cp significantly decries by plant maturity 29). Some researchers reported that average of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the amaranths forage, is: 1.9, 0.26, and 0.6 respectively (1, 24).
Conclusion In general, results indicated that the Two varieties of Amaranthus tested in this study, potentially have considerable nutritive value as forage crops, meanwhile some of them have higher nutritive value
Fault Tolerant Control of PMSM with Inter-turn Short Circuit Fault
No full textDue to its high-torque density and high efficiency, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is widely used in a broad range of applications. Extensive work has been presented in the literature related to modeling, fault diagnosis and fault tolerant (FT) control of electric drive system. On the other hand, because of higher requirements in industry, higher performance is always expected with implementation of new structure, new fault detection and new control method. In this background, the author proposed diagnosis method with a novel objective, identification of fault degree instead of fault isolation. Based on this concept, a new FT control based on fault degree information is proposed to optimize post-fault performance. The diagnosis and FT control can be applied on PMSM with inter-turn short circuit (SC). Its theoretical base and practical performance are presented and its strength over previous methods are come up with
Rhetoric of Syntax in the Historical Text Nafsat Al Masdur by Zeydari Nasavi
No full textSyntax refers to the poet's skill in arranging the components of a phrase in a balanced and proportionate manner. The eloquence of a sentence is an essential aspect of artistic expression, particularly in poetry and poetic prose, as well as in any form of word-based art. This refers to the skillful manipulation of sentence components. The syntactic options of any language are the most constrained alternatives. When constructing a sentence, we have the freedom to choose any word in the language to begin our statement. However, this initial decision narrows down the options for succeeding words in the sentence. We engage in this practice because, within the vast array of classes that might be grammatically positioned in this particular category of the speech sequence, certain classes are harmonious with the initial word while others are not. Conversely, syntax is the most adaptable and flexible area of language studies. Generally, prominent Iranian and Islamic rhetoric theorists, such as "Jorjani," focus on both themselves and the subject of syntax, envisioning rhetoric and its impact on the syntactic structures of language. People widely regard Zeydari's book Nafsat Al Masdur as a highly significant work in Persian history and literature. Shahab Zeydari authored this book four years subsequent to his sojourn in Meyafarikîn, during which he acquired knowledge regarding the conclusion of Sultan Jalal al-Din's tenure as complaint lyrics. The book elucidates the challenges that beset the Sultan towards the end of his rule, as well as the author's own tribulations.IntroductionNasavi wrote a cordial missive to a Khorasan noble, in which he expounded on the Tatar invasion of Azerbaijan, the tribulations faced by Sultan Jalal al-Din at the end of his rule, and the contemporary hardships endured. The historical significance of this treatise lies in two aspects: First, the author served as Sultan Jalal al-Din's secretary, allowing him to witness numerous events firsthand. Secondly, the author wrote the treatise from the perspective of the defeated, free from the influence of the dominant political discourse (the Mongols). As a result, it serves as a candid reflection of the events and conveys the genuine sentiments of the author and his fellow countrymen towards the invading forces. Clericalism heavily influences Nafsat Al Masdur, an artificially composed work. It is characterized by an abundance of linguistic and spiritual techniques, as well as an excessive use of Arabic language, literature, poems, traditions, and artificiality. We can attribute this to the prevailing trend of competition in historical writing and clerical prose. During the early 7th century, he effectively utilized the force and authority of his writing. Zeydari’s artistic approach enriches his historical writing in this book, adding depth and complexity to the text. This multi-dimensional reading appeals to historians and holds significance from a variety of literary perspectives. Consequently, in contemporary linguistics, the examination of how rhetoric influences syntax and structure holds significant significance.Literature ReviewAs of now, there has been no autonomous investigation carried out in the Persian language about the rhetorical impact and syntactic organization of artificial prose writings, specifically focusing on the novel Nafsat Al Masdur. This article will begin by examining syntax and its relationship to order and rhetoric. After providing a critical overview of the research background, we will then explore the rhetorical role of syntax in Nafsat Al Masdur’s text. We will accomplish this by presenting examples and taking into account the situational context. We demonstrate the emotive and melodic qualities of Zeydari's words and emphasize the importance of evoking the audience's emotions through the author's skillful use of syntactic structure. This essay presents the results of a syntactic analysis of Persian grammar structure and Georgian rhetoric.MethodologyThe findings of this study, obtained through a descriptive-analytical approach and library data, demonstrate that Zeydari effectively uses syntactic organization for simulations and internal discussion with himself. The arrangement and composition of sentence parts are a rhetorical and stylistic classification. Zeydari employs a distinct rhetorical-stylistic framework through the careful selection, combination, introduction, delay, and syntactic arrangement of words. Zeydari Nasavi has derived the greatest advantage from the conventional structure and organic organization of sentences. This book's author reveals the components of a sentence, which are only comprehensible when the situational context of the text is considered. This study employs document analysis, library studies, and content analysis to gather data. We randomly select the data, evaluating elements in relation to the research title. The research relies on authentic Persian grammar books as the standard for evaluating syntactic structure, while Jurjani's theories serve as the basis for the rhetorical analysis of syntax.ConclusionZeydari's novel Nafsat Al Masdur utilizes diverse structural connections to create a poetic texture that arises from semantic difficulties. Zeydari designs these syntactic patterns to ensure thematic coherence and meet the audience's needs. At the conclusion of each simple or compound sentence, the reader encounters an autonomous significance. The text does not contain antecedents and suffixes, which deviates from the standard norm. Zeydari takes measures to enhance sentence processing and achieve news harmony, aiming to overcome the artificial and poetic nature of the text as well as the presence of abandoned Arabic words. Previously utilized. The excessive length and repetitive nature of sentences and descriptions, as well as the author's tendency to use synonyms or repeat imagery in Nafsat Al Masdur, result in a loss of clarity in sentence meaning. Additionally, the presence of difficult Arabic words, lengthy sentences, and occasional obscenities further contribute to the reader's difficulty in understanding the text. Ideally, the words should align with the intended meaning and flow smoothly. Zeydari Nasavi's primary focus appears to be on engaging with the audience and exerting influence through the medium of "conversation." He employs a considerable array of distinctive and expressive techniques to demonstrate his mastery and dominance in the realm of language by creating unique and captivating visuals. Zeydari has skillfully crafted enduring images by blending many layers of fictional elements, whether in decorative illustrations or in the images that serve as the focal point of reporting and narrating events. This technique effectively communicates his purpose in creating visual representations. Recognizing the influential nature of images, the author incorporates visual elements alongside textual descriptions, resulting in a peculiar and rather challenging reading experience. However, his proposed method for addressing the issue of delayed text is to employ clarity through the use of normal syntax, particularly in the organic arrangement of words when referring to the institution. In addition, he adapts his language to suit the audience's level of comprehension, particularly when using complex and metaphorical vocabulary. He also minimizes the use of non-standard language in order to maintain the integrity of the institutional structure
- …
