1,721,199 research outputs found
Evaluating the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health services during humanitarian crises: A systematic review.
Full text linkBACKGROUND: An estimated 32 million women and girls of reproductive age living in emergency situations, all of whom require sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information and services. This systematic review assessed the effect of SRH interventions, including the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) on a range of health outcomes from the onset of emergencies. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We searched EMBASE, Global Health, MEDLINE and PsychINFO databases from January 1, 1980 to April 10, 2017. This review was registered with the PROSPERO database with identifier number CRD42017082102. We found 29 studies meet the inclusion criteria. We found high quality evidence to support the effectiveness of specific SRH interventions, such as home visits and peer-led educational and counselling, training of lower-level health care providers, community health workers (CHWs) to promote SRH services, a three-tiered network of health workers providing reproductive and maternal health services, integration of HIV and SRH services, and men's discussion groups for reducing intimate partner violence. We found moderate quality evidence to support transport-based referral systems, community-based SRH education, CHW delivery of injectable contraceptives, wider literacy programmes, and birth preparedness interventions. No studies reported interventions related to fistulae, and only one study focused on abortion services. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increased attention to SRH in humanitarian crises, the sector has made little progress in advancing the evidence base for the effectiveness of SRH interventions, including the MISP, in crisis settings. A greater quantity and quality of more timely research is needed to ascertain the effectiveness of delivering SRH interventions in a variety of humanitarian crises
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sexual violence on the WHO agenda: adressing multiple vulnerabilities in age, gender and legal status
No full textVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Sexual violence and risk markers in othered sexual and migrant minorities in Belgium
No full textPrevious international sexual violence research has shown that certain populations – such as migrants, applicants for international protection (AIPs), and refugees (MARs) and sexual and gender minorities (SGM) – are more at risk for sexual victimisation than others. From this evidence base, we learned that these population may have risk markers for sexual victimisation in common. In addition, the literature indicates that the increased risk for (sexual) violence exposure observed in minority groups may be explained by their exposure to stigma, prejudice, and discrimination and the ensuing othering-based stress.
Objectives: The general objective of this study is to contribute first to a better understanding of the mechanisms, nature, prevalence, and impact of sexual victimisation in MARs, SGM and persons who identify as belonging to a minority group in Belgium and their associated help-seeking behaviour upon sexual victimisation. Second, this PhD research explores the relationship between sexual victimisation, belonging to one or more minority group(s) in Belgium, and othering-based stress.
Methods: Based on the UN-MENAMAIS project, a mixed-methods methodology was applied. A critical interpretive synthesis was combined with a survey on sexual victimisation in a nationally representative sample (n = 4,632) and a randomly selected sample of applicants for international protection (AIPS) (n=62), and with in-depth interviews with 51 minority victims of sexual violence. In addition, we discussed our findings with professionals and policy makers during the Café Dialogue focus groups to formulate recommendations on prevention, care, policies, and research.
Results: In this mixed-methods PhD research, we found that minority groups in Belgium (70%) report significantly higher prevalence of sexual victimisation than majority groups (62%). More specifically, the occurrence of sexual victimisation in AIPs (84%) and LGB+ (78%) persons is very high and they report specific help-seeking barriers that may be linked to experiencing othering-based stress. Furthermore, in this thesis we also found that the mere fact of identifying oneself as belonging to a minority group is insufficient to explain the observed differences in sexual violence exposure. Yet, identifying with multiple minority statuses did serve as a sexual victimisation risk marker. In addition, identifying as LGB+ was not found to be a predictor of sexual victimisation. However, besides the identified unique risk markers for sexual victimisation in othered minorities, the variability in observed victimisation between minority and majority groups was explained by sociodemographic characteristics, a higher numbers of sexual partners, mental health status, and coping mechanisms, which show different patterns in minorities and majorities, but are of high predictive value in victims of sexual violence regardless of minority status.
Conclusion: We conclude from these findings that in order to understand the underlying mechanisms to the increased vulnerability for sexual victimisation of othered minorities, researchers and policy makers should focus on both the risk markers minorities have in common with each other and those they share with majorities as well as the risk markers that are unique to specific minority groups when designing research, prevention, and care strategies with the ultimate goal of reducing the high prevalence of sexual victimisation observed in minorities. Focusing on both common and specific vulnerabilities in research contributes to helping policy makers allocate resources to those interventions with the largest impact on societal level
Seksueel geweld tegen vluchtelingen, asielzoekers en mensen zonder wettig verblijf in België en Nederland
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