8,215 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A discussion of pneumatology and the linguistic turn to practice, with reference to Kevin Vanhoozer’s canonical-linguistic approach to Christian theology
No full textThis dissertation assesses the pneumatological implications of Kevin Vanhoozer’s canonical-linguistic approach to Christian theology, in the context of the wider issue of recent interest in re-conceiving the cultural-linguistic approach to theology through a description of Christian practice in directly pneumatological terms. I seek to welcome Vanhoozer’s communicative-act description of the authority and identity of Scripture as God’s written Word, and the way in which this description affirms the key insights of the linguistic turn to practice whilst maintaining the normativity of Scripture (as divine communicative action) to Christian practice (participation in that action). My concern is that Vanhoozer constructs his proposal around a Triune model of divine communicative action that I believe has pneumatological shortcomings. In particular, I think that the importance of God’s personal presence by the Holy Spirit is hard to convey within Vanhoozer’s canonical-linguistic theology. I argue that this matters because answers to the epistemological and hermeneutical questions that Vanhoozer is seeking to address require a fully Trinitarian theology that draws upon the significance of God’s indwelling presence by his Spirit. Such pneumatology is vital to the description of both the ontological distinction between God and creation and the divine-human relation in the economy of salvation centred upon the life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. It should be part of a fully Trinitarian theology that enables us to address questions of epistemology, hermeneutics and agency without making those concerns appear to determine the nature of salvation or the being of God. In making this argument, I draw in particular upon Colin Gunton’s discussion of Karl Barth’s triune model of divine self-revelation and Gordon Fee’s exegesis of Paul’s teaching on the Holy Spirit
Discomfort Threshold Evaluation for Hand and Elbow Regions: A Basis for Hand-Held Device Design
No full textThis study aimed to analyse the discomfort threshold (that could be linked to sensitivity or sensation) of different regions in hand and elbow to support hand-held devices' design. Indeed, there are no studies regarding the hand and elbow discomfort threshold or sensitivity. To overcome these literature gaps, the discomfort threshold of hand and elbow were recorded at 24 spots by pushing a cylinder with a diameter of 10 mm until the participants reported not to be longer comfortable. Experiments were performed with 24 participants, 13 females and 11 males. The results showed the map of discomfort threshold (or sensitivity) for the hand and elbow. The olecranon, situated at the ulna's upper (proximal) end, one of the two bones in the forearm, could withstand more pressure than the elbow area surrounding it. The fingertips and the area close to the metacarpals were most sensitive (lower discomfort threshold).Accepted Author ManuscriptMaterials and Manufacturin
The classification of incomplete vectors
No full textThe thesis begins with a brief introduction to Pattern Recognition followed by a broad survey of the missing data problem in other fields. Possible ways to approach the problem of classifying incomplete vectors are considered. The author argues that substituting estimates for missing components usually leads to a sub-optimal classification, that decision surface methods can be applied in some cases, and that probability density function estimation can provide a general solution.A decision surface method is developed which defines the decision surfaces by point sets selected from. the training set. These point sets are selected by an edited condensed nearest neighbour rule devised by the author; the need to store points more than once is avoided by labelling the points.Two types of pdf estimation methods are defined: local and global. The local method leads to classifications obtained directly from the training set, while the global method v yields decisions via substitution in parametric estimators. The author investigates local nonparametric estimators in detail, explaining their advantages and disadvantages fdr the current application. It is argued that series estimators cannot be usefully applied to the general problem.A general model.suitable for the global method is presented, and different specialisations of it are shown. By deliberately restricting the number of comparisons between these specialisation a greater statistical validity is given to the conclusions. The constrained non-linear optimisation methods used in estimating the parameters of the models are explained, as well as initialisation methods and choice of objective functions. Further particular models suitable for the global methods are also shown.</p
Increasing the frequency of hand washing by healthcare workers does not lead to commensurate reductions in staphylococcal infection in a hospital ward
No full textYesHand hygiene is generally considered to be the most important measure that can be applied to prevent the spread of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Continuous emphasis on this intervention has lead to the widespread opinion that HAI rates can be greatly reduced by increased hand hygiene compliance alone. However, this assumes that the effectiveness of hand hygiene is not constrained by other factors and that improved compliance in excess of a given level, in itself, will result in a commensurate reduction in the incidence of HAI. However, several researchers have found the law of diminishing returns to apply to hand hygiene, with the greatest benefits occurring in the first 20% or so of compliance, and others have demonstrated that poor cohorting of nursing staff profoundly influences the effectiveness of hand hygiene measures. Collectively, these findings raise intriguing questions about the extent to which increasing compliance alone can further reduce rates of HAI.
In order to investigate these issues further, we constructed a deterministic Ross-Macdonald model and applied it to a hypothetical general medical ward. In this model the transmission of staphylococcal infection was assumed to occur after contact with the transiently colonized hands of HCWs, who, in turn, acquire contamination only by touching colonized patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of imperfect hand cleansing on the transmission of staphylococcal infection and to identify, whether there is a limit, above which further hand hygiene compliance is unlikely to be of benefit.
The model demonstrated that if transmission is solely via the hands of HCWs, it should, under most circumstances, be possible to prevent outbreaks of staphylococcal infection from occurring at a hand cleansing frequencies <50%, even with imperfect hand hygiene. The analysis also indicated that the relationship between hand cleansing efficacy and frequency is not linear - as efficacy decreases, so the hand cleansing frequency required to ensure R0<1 increases disproportionately.
Although our study confirmed hand hygiene to be an effective control measure, it demonstrated that the law of diminishing returns applies, with the greatest benefit derived from the first 20% or so of compliance. Indeed, our analysis suggests that there is little benefit to be accrued from very high levels of hand cleansing and that in most situations compliance >40% should be enough to prevent outbreaks of staphylococcal infection occurring, if transmission is solely via the hands of HCWs. Furthermore we identified a non-linear relationship between hand cleansing efficacy and frequency, suggesting that it is important to maximise the efficacy of the hand cleansing process
Regaining Motor Control in Musician's Dystonia by Restoring Sensorimotor Organization
No full textProfessional musicians are an excellent human model of long term effects of skilled motor training on the structure and function of the motor system. However, such effects are accompanied by an increased risk of developing motor abnormalities, in particular musician's dystonia. Previously we found that there was an expanded spatial integration of proprioceptive input into the hand area of motor cortex (sensorimotor organisation, SMO) in healthy musicians as tested with a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm. In musician's dystonia, this expansion was even larger, resulting in a complete lack of somatotopic organisation. We hypothesised that the disordered motor control in musician's dystonia is a consequence of the disordered SMO.
In the present paper we test this idea by giving pianists with musician's dystonia 15 min experience of a modified proprioceptive training task. This restored SMO towards that seen in healthy pianists. Crucially, motor control of the affected task improved significantly and objectively as measured with a MIDI piano, and the amount of behavioural improvement was significantly correlated to the degree of sensorimotor re-organisation. In healthy pianists and non-musicians, the SMO and motor performance remained essentially unchanged. These findings suggest a link between the differentiation of SMO in the hand motor cortex and the degree of motor control of intensively practiced tasks in highly skilled individuals
sj-docx-1-psg-10.1177_22925503241249755 - Supplemental material for Streamlining the Management of Children With Simple Hand Injuries
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-psg-10.1177_22925503241249755 for Streamlining the Management of Children With Simple Hand Injuries by Lauren Wong, Zina Sabir, Patrick Sachsalber, Yvonne Ying, Claudia Malic and Kevin Cheung in Plastic Surgery</p
sj-pdf-2-psg-10.1177_22925503241249755 - Supplemental material for Streamlining the Management of Children With Simple Hand Injuries
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-2-psg-10.1177_22925503241249755 for Streamlining the Management of Children With Simple Hand Injuries by Lauren Wong, Zina Sabir, Patrick Sachsalber, Yvonne Ying, Claudia Malic and Kevin Cheung in Plastic Surgery</p
sj-docx-1-psg-10.1177_22925503231190933 - Supplemental material for The Calgary Kids' Hand Rule: External Validation of a Prediction Model to Triage Pediatric Hand Fractures
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-psg-10.1177_22925503231190933 for The Calgary Kids' Hand Rule: External Validation of a Prediction Model to Triage Pediatric Hand Fractures by Rebecca L. Hartley, Paul Ronksley, A. Robertson Harrop, Altay Baykan, Sabrina Wei, Diana Forbes, Jugpal Arneja, Toros Canturk, Kevin Cheung, and Frankie O. G. Fraulin, in Plastic Surgery</p
sj-docx-1-han-10.1177_15589447241231311 – Supplemental material for Predictors of True Scaphoid Fractures in Children
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-han-10.1177_15589447241231311 for Predictors of True Scaphoid Fractures in Children by Daniel Milad, Aneesh Karir, Kevin Smit, Sasha Carsen and Kevin Cheung in HAND</p
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