41 research outputs found
Localization and function of Hsp90 isoforms
No full textMolecular chaperones are abundant and essential molecular machines that support cellular proteostasis through the folding and structural maintanance of proteins. The heat-shock protein 90 family of proteins is an evolutionarily conserved class of molecular chaperones, important in the structural maintenance of hundreds of substrate proteins. In this work, we have investigated the nuclear localization of nucleocytoplasmic Hsp90 isoforms and the function of the mitochondrial isoform TRAP1 as a molecular chaperone
AI179 single-chain antibody recognizes the Myc tag by Western blotting
No full textThe recombinant antibody AI179 against the Myc tag detects a Myc-tagged protein exogenously expressed in human cells by Western blotting
AF291 and AE391 single-chain antibodies recognize the HA tag by Western blotting
No full textThe recombinant antibodies AF291and AE391 against the standard HA tag detect an HA-tagged protein exogenously expressed in human cells by Western blotting. However, similarly to one of the original monoclonal antibodies, they also recognize a number of unrelated endogenous proteins
AF291 and AE391 single-chain antibodies recognize the HA tag by Western blotting
No full textThe recombinant antibodies AF291and AE391 against the standard HA tag detect an HA-tagged protein exogenously expressed in human cells by Western blotting. However, similarly to one of the original monoclonal antibodies, they also recognize a number of unrelated endogenous proteins
AI179 single-chain antibody recognizes the Myc tag by Western blotting
No full textThe recombinant antibody AI179 against the Myc tag detects a Myc-tagged protein exogenously expressed in human cells by Western blotting
Identification of nine new susceptibility loci for testicular cancer, including variants near DAZL and PRDM14.
No full textTesticular germ cell tumor (TGCT) is the most common cancer in young men and is notable for its high familial risks. So far, six loci associated with TGCT have been reported. From genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis of 307,291 SNPs in 986 TGCT cases and 4,946 controls, we selected for follow-up 694 SNPs, which we genotyped in a further 1,064 TGCT cases and 10,082 controls from the UK. We identified SNPs at nine new loci (1q22, 1q24.1, 3p24.3, 4q24, 5q31.1, 8q13.3, 16q12.1, 17q22 and 21q22.3) showing association with TGCT (P < 5 × 10(-8)), which together account for an additional 4-6% of the familial risk of TGCT. The loci include genes plausibly related to TGCT development. PRDM14, at 8q13.3, is essential for early germ cell specification, and DAZL, at 3p24.3, is required for the regulation of germ cell development. Furthermore, PITX1, at 5q31.1, regulates TERT expression and is the third TGCT-associated locus implicated in telomerase regulation
100 days of solitude: the spring of COVID-19 through the eyes of 15 young virologists of the INITIATE program
No full textMedical Microbiolog
Men er vi ikke egentlig sånn? En lesning av Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn (2022) av Marie Aubert som crossoverlitteratur.
No full textDenne masteroppgaven tar utgangspunkt i begrepet crossover literature, som er hentet fra det engelske-amerikanske forskningsfeltet for ungdomslitteratur, Young Adult literature. Crossover-termen viser til litteratur som befinner seg i en grenseoppgang, enten mellom barnelitteratur og ungdomslitteratur, eller ungdomslitteratur og voksenlitteratur. Sistnevnte har blitt relevant for denne masteroppgaven. Basert på en lesning av Marie Auberts roman Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn (2022), forsøker jeg i denne oppgaven å argumentere for at det er mulig å lese romaner som dette med en dobbel inngang; En crossover-lesning. Crossover-lesningen grunner i en tanke om at det er mulig å ha både en ung, direkte og umiddelbar tilnærming til romanen, og en voksen, distansert og ironisk tilnærming til den. Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn handler om fire familiemedlemmer som møtes til konfirmasjon, og viser frem hvordan møtet mellom dem utarter seg. Den portretterer gjenkjennelige mennesker og situasjoner, og er skrevet kronologisk, med et kortfattet og tilgjengelig språk. Dette gjør at man kan antyde at den faktisk er crossoverlitteratur. Konsekvensene av crossover-lesningen, er at ulike litterære og fortellertekniske grep blir synlige i lesningen, og at det åpnes opp for flere forståelser av romanens karakterer, fortelling og mulige formål.This master’s thesis is based on the concept of crossover literature, which is a term taken from the English research field of Yong Adult literature. The term crossover refers to literature that finds itself at a borderline, either between children’s literature and youth literature, or between youth literature and adult literature. The latter is relevant for this master’s thesis. Based on a reading of the novel Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn (2022) by the author Marie Aubert, I try to argue that it is possible to read novels like this with a double entrance; A crossover reading. The crossover reading is based on the idea that it is possible to have both a young, direct and immediate approach to the novel, as well as an adult, distanced and ironic approach to it. Jeg er egentlig ikke sånn is about four family members who meet up for a weekend, to participate in a confirmation, and shows further how the meeting between them turns out. The novel is written chronologically, with a concise and accessible language, and portrays recognizable people and situations. This allows one to suggest that the novel actually is crossover literature. The consequences of the crossover reading are that various literary and storytelling techniques become visible in the reading, as well as that is opens up for several understandings of the narrative, the characters and the possible purpose or message of the novel
Richtig belohnen beim Klicker-Training : Vergleich und Literaturübersicht der Vor- und Nachteile regelmäßiger und unregelmäßiger Verstärkung des Klickers
No full textBachelorarbeit - Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien - 2023Beim Klicker-Training handelt es sich um eine Trainingsmethode basierend auf positiver Ver-stärkung, die zeitlich optimal und neutral (unabhängig von der Person) eingesetzt werden kann. Dabei wird das Tier zunächst mit positiver Verstärkung (meist Belohnung durch Futter als primärer Verstärker) auf den „Klick“ konditioniert, anschließend wird dann das Zeigen eines gewünschten Verhaltens durch diesen „Klick“ markiert (sekundärer Verstärker). Um die positive Verbindung des Klicks aufrecht zu erhalten, wird z.B. direkt nach dem Klick wieder mit Futter belohnt. Die Meinungen über die richtige Belohnungsweise in diesem Zusammenhang gehen auseinander: Ist eine kontinuierliche oder eine gelegentliche Futtergabe nach dem Klick sinn-voller? In der vorliegenden Studie wurde zunächst eine Aufarbeitung der Grundlagen zur Konditionierung von Verhalten in Form einer Literaturübersicht verfasst. Was sind die Vorteile intermittierender, bzw. kontinuierlicher Verstärkung? Anschließend wurde geschaut, wie sich die Belohnungen nach dem Klick in der Öffentlichkeit (Kreis Tiertrainer:innen) darstelle. Dazu wurden 50 Trainings-Videos mit Pferden in Bezug auf den Zeitpunkt der Verabreichung der Belohnung in Zusammenhang mit dem Klick ausgewertet. Die Auswertung von 50 Videos zeigte, dass in nur einem Fall nicht kontinuierlich nach jedem Klick mit Futter verstärkt wurde. Die Strategie der kontinuierlichen Belohnung (Futter nach jedem Klick) hat sich also sehr stark durchgesetzt. Nach Einschätzung der Verfasserin der vorliegenden Arbeit verlief das Training in 84 % der Videos gut und ohne größere Fehler. In 8 % der Videos wurden Fehler im Training von Seiten des/der Trainer:in gemacht (im falschen Moment geklickt). In weiteren 8 % der Videos verlief das Training laut Verfasserin weder gut noch schlecht. Der Belohnungsplan ist als nur ein Aspekt des Trainings anzusehen, die korrekte zeitlich und klare Ausführung scheint besonders wichtig. In der Literatur zeigt sich, dass grundsätzlich eine kontinuierliche Verstärkung zu einem schnellen Lernerfolg führt. Demgegenüber zeigt die gelegentliche Verstärkung eine langsamere Lern-kurve, das Erlernte bleibt aber länger ohne Belohnungen erhalten. Grundsätzlich sind also beide Strategien erfolgreich. In der Diskussion wurden mögliche Gründe für die starke Verbreitung der kontinuierlichen Verstärkung nach jedem Klick im Training angesprochen. Dies scheint nach Kenntnis der Lern-physiologie nicht unbedingt nötig, speziell, wenn das Tier schon länger im Training ist. Weitere Argument, die für die kontinuierliche Belohnung sprechen, sind aber sehr wohl vorhanden. So wurde in einer neuen Studie untersucht, wie sich die regelmäßige oder unregelmäßige Verstärkung auf das Wohlbefinden des Tieres auswirkt. Es wurde dabei davon ausgegangen, dass das Tier die kontinuierliche Belohnung erwartet (der Klick ist die Ankündigung der Belohnung) und ein Weglassen des Verstärkers einer negativen Bestrafung ähnelt und zu Frustration führt. Tatsächlich zeigten sich unregelmäßig verstärkte Hunde weniger motiviert. Dabei hatte die Persönlichkeit des Tieres einen Einfluss. Die alleinige Betrachtung der Lernphysiologie der Tiere scheint daher nicht ausreichend, um einen Belohnungsplan zu erstellen. Weiters sollten auch Aspekte der Anwendbarkeit berücksichtigt werden. Eine regelmäßige Verstärkung ist leichter anwendbar und trägt vermutlich auch zum Wohlbefinden des/der Trainers:in bei. Diese Aspekte, speziell der des Tierwohls, rechtfertigen die Anwendung der regelmäßigen Verstärkung.Bachelor thesis - University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna - 2023Clicker training is a training method based on positive reinforcement that can be used in an optimal and neutral way (independent of the person). In this technique, the animal is first conditioned to the "click" with positive reinforcement (usually food reward as the primary reinforcer), followed by marking the display of a desired behavior with this "click" (secondary reinforcer). To maintain the positive association of the click, the animal is rewarded immediately after the click, for example with food. Opinions differ on the right way to reward in this context: Is it more useful to feed continuously or occasionally after the click? In the following study, a review of the basics of the conditioning of behavior was first written in the form of a literature review with focus on the advantages of intermittent or continuous reward. Subsequently, it was analyzed which method of reward is used more frequently in horse training. For this purpose, 50 YouTube videos were evaluated regarding the time of administration of the reward in connection with the click. The evaluation of 50 videos showed that in only one case the reinforcement method was irregular. So, the strategy of continuous reward (food after each click) has become very popular. According to the author, the training went well and without major errors in 84 % of the videos. In 8 % of the videos, mistakes were made in training by the trainer (for example clicked at the wrong moment). In another 8 % of the videos, the training was neither good nor bad, according to the author. Thus, the reward schedule is only one aspect in the clicker training. The general correct use of the clicker (e.g., timing) is very important, too. The literature shows that, in general, continuous reinforcement leads to rapid learning success. In contrast, occasional reinforcement shows a slower learning curve, but what is learned is retained longer without rewards. Basically, both strategies are successful. Possible reasons for the proliferation of continuous reinforcement after each click were dis-cussed at the end. According to the knowledge of learning physiology a continuous reward does not seem to be necessary, especially if the animal already knows its tasks. There may be other arguments that favor continuous reinforcement. A new study examined how regular or irregular reinforcement affects the well-being of the animal. It was assumed that the animal expects the continuous reward (the click is the announcement of the reward) and that omission of the reinforcer resembles negative punishment and leads to frustration. In fact, irregular reinforced dogs were less motivated. The personality of the animal had an influence on its stress resistance. Therefore, solely considering the learning psychology of the animals does not seem to be sufficient. Aspects of applicability should also be considered. The procedure of always giving food after the click is easy to convey to trainers. It is also conceivable that the trainer considers it unfair not to always reward the animal when it has performed well. These aspects, especially that of animal welfare, justify the use of regular reinforcement
Digital Infrastructures for Monitoring Circular Economy Investments by Financial Institutions and Government: A Research Agenda
No full textCircular Economy (CE) and sustainability are getting high on the political agenda of governments on the global level. Businesses and supply chains are at the heart of that transition, and need to make big steps in the coming years for making the transition from a linear model of make-use-dispose towards a circular model. For this transition, financing plays a key role. Financial institutions operate in a highly regulated environment. In this context, we see two particular, yet complementary, areas where digital infrastructures can be of value to support this transition. They can (1) help the financial institutions gather data about supply chain operations and address the performance of financial instruments used for the green and circular transition (i.e. bottom-up, micro view); and (2) help regulators monitor the activities of financial institutions to ensure that provided financing is indeed used to stimulate circular supply chains (i.e. top-down, macro view). In this paper, we explore the scene for digital infrastructure deployment for CE monitoring when it comes to CE funding, and propose a framework and a research agenda on the topic.Information and Communication Technolog
