1,721,024 research outputs found
Particle size and support effects in electrocatalysis and photoelectrochemical water splitting
No full textThe continued decline in fossil fuel reserves dictates that alternative energy production methods must play an increasing role in our overall energy usage. The generation of hydrogen from photoelectrochemical water splitting has proven itself to be a particularly attractive prospect towards this end. At present, commercial viability of this technology has not been realised due to the large number of stringent material requirements that must be satisfied. One method to improve the efficiency of these cells is through the use of catalysis. The overall effect of catalysts on photoelectrode materials is still relatively unknown. Furthermore, studies of particle size effects and support interactions in this application are seldom reported.An existing high-throughput methodology [A] was extended towards the synthesis and photoelectrochemical characterisation of metal oxide supported nanoparticles. Pt particles ranging from approximately 1.5 – 6.5 nm in diameter were deposited on both anatase TiO2 and α-Fe2O3. Pt particles reduced the photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 towards oxygen evolution and methanol photooxidation, with the effect being greater as the Pt particle size increased. Pt had little effect on the photoevolution of oxygen on α-Fe2O3. However, it did bring a significant improvement towards methanol photooxidation, with a specific activity maximum at a particle size of approximately 3 nm. The effects appeared to stem from increased charge separation brought about by Pt. Pt is also ubiquitous as a fuel cell electrocatalyst, in which Pt particle size may have a dramatic effect on cell efficiency. The ORR and MOR were also studied, where in both cases a reduction in specific activity was found as the Pt particle size decreased on both supports. This was particularly apparent on the anatase TiO2 support due to the increased level of rectification and poorer conductivity.[A] Guerin, S., Hayden, B., Physical Vapour Deposition Method for the High Through-put Synthesis of Solid-State Material Libraries, J. Combi. Chem. 2006, 8, (1), 66-7
Mare reservarum: enclosure of the commons and the evolution of marine rights in an era of ocean industrialisation
No full text
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Improving the intersect of the power distribution system and the built environment in developing countries
Full text linkPower distribution systems, specifically where they intersect with the built environment, are
highly underemphasised versus generation in power planning. In a time of technology
advances and cost declines in distribution automation and related technologies, this is an area
of high potential for improving energy efficiency. This is particularly of impact in developing
countries where urbanisation is rapidly increasing. Evidence shows that the same missed
opportunities and sub-optimal distribution planning techniques are repeatedly found across
multiple geographies. In this research, tools were developed to rank these problems and create
solutions. These tools were endorsed by power industry executives from three countries.
Following this, the tools were applied in a developing corridor near the Thailand-Cambodia
border where power density is increasing, in order to develop power system solutions for live
infrastructure projects. The solutions include technologies such as distributed generation,
microgrids, digital monitoring systems, CCHP units, and power storage. The solutions from
the live example were then honed and endorsed in an interview with Thai power sector experts.
The final research and tools developed were confirmed capable of producing actionable
solutions for planners across the public and private sectors, who focus on power distribution
in urbanising, developing counties
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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