15,517 research outputs found
Letter from Elsa Kerr, December 4, 1967
No full textLetter from Elsa Kerr to Fayez Sayegh, December 4, 1967, regarding his appearance on the David Susskind show and the Arab-Israeli conflict
Evolution of cooperation among tumor cells
No full textThe evolution of cooperation has a well established theoretical framework based on game theory. This approach has made valuable contributions to a wide variety of disciplines, including political science, economics, and evolutionary biology. Existing cancer theory suggests that individual clones of cancer cells evolve independently from one another, acquiring all of the genetic traits or hallmarks necessary to form a malignant tumor. It is also now recognized that tumors are heterotypic, with cancer cells interacting with normal stromal cells within the issue microenvironment, including endothelial, stromal, and nerve cells. This tumor cell???stromal cell interaction in itself is a form of commensalism, because it has been demonstrated that these nonmalignant cells support and even enable tumor growth. Here, we add to this theory by regarding tumor cells as game players whose interactions help to determine their Darwinian fitness. We marshal evidence that tumor cells overcome certain host defenses by means of diffusible products. Our original contribution is to raise the possibility that two nearby cells can protect each other from a set of host defenses that neither could survive alone. Cooperation can evolve as byproduct mutualism among genetically diverse tumor cells. Our hypothesis supplements, but does not supplant, the traditional view of carcinogenesis in which one clonal population of cells develops all of the necessary genetic traits independently to form a tumor. Cooperation through the sharing of diffusible products raises new questions about tumorigenesis and has implications for understanding observed phenomena, designing new experiments, and developing new therapeutic approaches.Author manuscript. Published in final edited form as: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 September 5; 103(36): 13474-13479.The final published version of this article is located at: www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0606053103NIH U56 CA113004; to David E. AxelrodR.A. was supported by National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant SES-0240852. D.E.A. was supported by NSF Grant IIS-0312953, National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant U56 CA113004, and New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research Grant 1076-CCR-SO. K.J.P. is an American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor and is supported by NIH Grants CA69568, CA102872, and CA093900.NIH CA69568; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA102872; to Kenneth J. PientaNIH CA093900; to Kenneth J. PientaNSF SES-0240852; to Robert AxelrodNJ Commission on Cancer Research 1076-CCR-SO; to David E. AxelrodAlso available in PubMed Central. PMCID: PMC155738
Magneto–Optical Kerr Effect Microscopy Investigation on Permalloy Nanostructures
No full textThis thesis focuses on the investigation of magnetic domains in ultrasmall permalloy (Ni80Fe20) structures down to nanometre size. Magnetic domains and domain walls in nano objects are often observed using a very high resolution and high power microscope such as magnetic soft x-ray microscope, magnetic force microscopy imaging and photoemission electron microscopy. A reason for this is because the Kerr signal in nanostructures is very weak. However the results from this thesis demonstrate that magnetic domains in permalloy magnetic nanostructures can still be observed with very good contrast using a Magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) microscope. The constructed Kerr microscope is a home-build wide field microscope and is able to produce magnetic domains image of permalloy nanowire as small as 245 nm, although the resolution limit of the microscope is 505 nm. For the first time, a magnetic domain in nanowire with width of 245 nm is observed using a wide-field microscope. The combination of hysteresis loops and magnetic domains observations for studying a magnetic sample provides a three-dimensional understanding of the magnetic characteristic of the sample. This is crucial in investigating nano samples as the theoretical arguments with the experimental results are always constrained by the experimental part. Three kinds of nanostructure sample were observed using the Kerr microscope; a cross nanowire, zigzag nanowire and a nanowire with notch and a nucleation pad at one end. It was found that a cross nanowire can form magnetic domains upon reversal and the junction forms a magnetisation vortex. Findings from zigzag nanowire demonstrate a complex, multiple magnetic domains formation upon magnetisation reversal. A weak domain wall pinning effect was observed in the nanowire, causing a multiple domains formation in the nanowire upon reversal. It can be confirmed that this effect was caused by the high coercivity of the nucleation pad. For the nanowire with notch, it was demonstrated that the coercivities were different at negative and positive field. But for such case, there is a relationship observed between the percentage notch depth and the coercivity at the junction
The Arts Interview. Dr. David Pitt : The Truant Years, E. J. Pratt
No full textHost Fred Hollingshurst interviews Dr. David Pitt of Memorial University, who discusses the life and work of Newfoundland poet E. J. Pratt. Pitt is the author of E. J. Pratt: The Truant Years, 1881-1927
Fly about round me coursing, swallow sweet birds come near [first line]
No full textstrophicpiano and voiceCover is duplicated in 125.115b.Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
125, Item 115aTranslated From the French of Volney L'Hotelier by Samuel J. Gardner, Esq. The Music by Felicien David (Author of "Le Desert").E.G. Warren, Engr
Fly about round me coursing, swallow sweet birds come near [first line]
No full textstrophicpiano and voiceCover is duplicated in 125.115b.Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
125, Item 115aTranslated From the French of Volney L'Hotelier by Samuel J. Gardner, Esq. The Music by Felicien David (Author of "Le Desert").E.G. Warren, Engr
Interview with David Dunn on the subject of bark beetle sounds
No full textAnimaliaArthropodaInsectaColeopteraCompressed from .wav format into .mp3 delivery formatComposer and recording engineer David Dunn describes his recordings of bark beetles in New Mexico, and some of the possible causes and consequences of bark beetle infestations devastating pine forests throughout the WestSounds were recorded using a modified transducer inserted into the bark of the tree, and are taken with permission of the author from the compact disc "The Sound of Light in Trees" produced by David Dunn in collaboration with the Acoustic Ecology Institute. Scientists say that bark beetle populations are increasing in large part because of increased drought and milder winters due to global warming
The likely regional impacts of an agricultural emissions policy in New Zealand: Preliminary analysis
No full textHendy and Kerr (2005b) find that an emissions charge on agricultural methane and nitrous oxide of $25 per tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent would be likely to reduce New Zealand's net land-use related emissions for commitment period one in the order of 3%, with full accounting. The costs per farmer and as a percentage of profit would be very high. This paper considers the regional impacts of such a policy in New Zealand by allocating the emission charge across space according to the location of animals. We then combine our emissions charge information with data on the socio-economic characteristics of the affected areas. Obviously rural areas are heavily affected. In many respects, for example median income, ethnic mix, and percentage of working people with a university degree, the rural areas most affected have very similar socio-economic characteristics to other parts of rural New Zealand. Only in two ways do they appear to differ. Our findings indicate that areas with high emission costs tend to have high employment rates, but that they also have a disproportionately high number of unqualified people.climate change, land use, social impacts, methane, nitrous oxide, dairy, sheep, beef, distribution of costs, regional
The likely regional impacts of an agricultural emissions policy in New Zealand: Preliminary analysis
No full textHendy and Kerr (2005b) find that an emissions charge on agricultural methane and nitrous oxide of $25 per tonne of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent would be likely to reduce New Zealand’s net land-use related emissions for commitment period one in the order of 3%, with full accounting. The costs per farmer and as a percentage of profit would be very high. This paper considers the regional impacts of such a policy in New Zealand by allocating the emission charge across space according to the location of animals. We then combine our emissions charge information with data on the socio-economic characteristics of the affected areas. Obviously rural areas are heavily affected. In many respects, for example median income, ethnic mix, and percentage of working people with a university degree, the rural areas most affected have very similar socio-economic characteristics to other parts of rural New Zealand. Only in two ways do they appear to differ. Our findings indicate that areas with high emission costs tend to have high employment rates, but that they also have a disproportionately high number of unqualified people.climate change, land use, social impacts, methane, nitrous oxide, dairy, sheep, beef, distribution of costs, regional
Deidentified Data and Code from Epilepsy, dissociative seizures and mixed: associations with time to video-EEG
No full textDeidentified Data and Code from 39. Kerr WT, Zhang X, Hill CE, Janio EA, Chau AM, Braesch CT, Le JM, Hori JM, Patel AB, Allas CH, Karimi AH, Dubey I, Sreenivasan SS, Gallardo N, Bauirjan J, Hwang ES, David EC, D’Ambrosio SR, Al Banna M, Cho AY, Deward SR, Engel J, Jr., Feusner JD, Stern JM. Epilepsy, dissociative seizures and mixed: associations with time to video-EEG. Seizure 2021. Minor modifications may need to be made to reproduce the analysis
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