136 research outputs found
Current protocols in the generation of pluripotent stem cells: theoretical, methodological and clinical considerations
No full textBrad B Swelstad, Candace L KerrInstitute for Cell Engineering, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USAAbstract: Pluripotent stem cells have been derived from various embryonic, fetal and adult sources. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and parthenogenic ESCs (pESCs) are derived from the embryo proper while embryonic germ cells (EGCs), embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs), and germ-line stem cells (GSC) are produced from germ cells. ECCs were the first pluripotent stem cell lines established from adult testicular tumors while EGCs are generated in vitro from primordial germ cells (PGCs) isolated in late embryonic development. More recently, studies have also demonstrated the ability to produce GSCs from adult germ cells, known as spermatogonial stem cells. Unlike ECCs, the source of GSCs are normal, non-cancerous adult tissue. The study of these unique cell lines has provided information that has led to the ability to reprogram somatic cells into an ESC-like state. These cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have been derived from a number of human fetal and adult origins. With the promises pluripotent stem cells bring to cell-based therapies there remain several considerations that need to be carefully studied prior to their clinical use. Many of these issues involve understanding key factors regulating their generation, including those which define pluripotency. In this regard, the following article discusses critical aspects of pluripotent stem cell derivation and current issues about their therapeutic potential.Keywords: pluripotency, stem cells, derivation, huma
On the Possession of Truth in Fiction: A.S. Byatt's Confrontation with the Role of the Author
No full textWhen Possession’s protagonist, a post-structuralist/deconstructionist scholar named Roland Michell, finds and takes drafts of a letter written by Victorian poet Randolph Henry Ash, A.S. Byatt re-opens the longstanding debate concerning the ownership of truth and an author’s role in textual interpretation, ultimately asking: Who owns the meaning of a text? And even more so, why? The act of theft from the private world of an author (and the journey it spurs) allows Possession to coincide with pre-formalist notions about the author—that the author and their life is central to the meaning of their work—despite a dominant knowledge of formalism, new criticism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and deconstruction in the contemporary timeline. However, Possession’s three-and-a-half-page postscript chapter unravels a novel-length endorsement of pre-formalist notions, affording the novel a neutral existence that does not condemn nor encourage reliance on the biography of the author. As a result, this essay finds that the novel acts as a means for readers to identify two fundamental ideas about authorship and to witness a regressive transition from a post- to pre-formalist literary approach. In fact, by depicting the common occurrence of exchange to curate an author’s belongings (despite their passing), Possession even suggests that the reconfiguration of the author is a response to capitalist commodification. And so, by utilizing the theories of Roland Barthes and Michel Foucault, this essay argues how Possession shows the role of capitalism and consumerism in the contemporary approach to literature
Multiple, Interconvertible States of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
No full textThree recent studies, including Buecker et al. (2010), in this issue of Cell Stem Cell, report that human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can exist in distinct but interconvertible states and describe a robust expansion of human ESCs/iPSCs that resemble mouse ESCs
Erratum:Dynamic conservation for migratory species (Science Advances DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700707)
No full textIn the article “Dynamic conservation for migratory species,” Candace Low was previously noted only in the Acknowledgments rather than included in the author list, as was appropriate. The author list and associated affiliations, acknowledgments, and citation sections have been corrected to include her as a full author. The HTML and PDF (full text) have been corrected.</p
Questioning Assumptions: Why Teaching Public Relations is Consistent with Liberal Education
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Increasing initiation and exclusivity of breastfeeding in the hospitalized postpartum dyad
No full textSession presented on Sunday, July 26, 2015:
Although research and national standards promote early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, there continues to be a significant number of women who do not breastfeed and/or supplement with formula. The advantages of breastfeeding for mother and infant are substantial and include protecting babies from allergens to reducing Maternal breast and ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, breastfeeding rates of initiation and exclusivity are below the targets set by international, national and state agencies. This project highlights an intervention to increase breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding during the birth hospitalization in a coastal mid-Atlantic inner city hospital. The intervention utilized bedside RNwho were educated and trained by the author (the Perinatal Unit Clinical Nurse Specialist) and the unit lactation counselors on bedside lactation support. The educational intervention capitalized on Dennis\u27 theory of breast-feeding self-efficacy which emphasizes Maternal confidence in breastfeeding success. A convenience sample of one month\u27s delivered mothers pre-intervention compared to one month\u27s delivered mothers post-intervention formed the data points in this quality improvement project utilizing an evidence based practice change
Hexavalent Chromium Removal Using Ultraviolet Photocatalytic Reactor
No full textabstract: Hexavalant chromium (Cr(VI)) poses an emerging concern in drinking water treatment with stricter regulations on the horizon. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was investigated as an engineering scale option to remove hexavalent chromium from drinking or industrial waters via a UV/titanium dioxide (TiO2) process. Using an integrated UV lamp/ceramic membrane system to recirculate TiO2, both hexavalent and total chromium levels were reduced through photocatalytic processes without additional chemicals. Cr(VI) removal increased as a function of higher energy input and TiO2 dosage, achieving above 90% removal for a 1g/L dose of TiO2. Surface analysis of effluent TiO2 confirmed the presence of chromium species.Dissertation/ThesisM.S. Engineering 201
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