1,720,988 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Trophic interactions and abiotic forcing in the aquatic ecosystems : a modeling approach
No full textPlanktonic food webs are easy to monitor and manipulate, thus offer a wide array of opportunities for deriving general ecological and evolutionary principles. Not least, for predicting and managing the consequences of the increasing stresses on aquatic ecosystems due to anthropogenic activity, we need a better understanding of their ecological dynamics more than ever, in the face of growing threats such as perturbation of biogeochemical cycles and global warming. In this study, I focused on various aspects of plankton dynamics and the physical environment influencing them. In chapter 1, anomalous limnological conditions that occurred after an extremely warm winter were elaborated for gaining insights into the shape of things to come in a warmer future. In chapter 2, the regulation of phytoplankton growth by top-down and bottom-up factors and their variation over inter-decadal, inter-annual and seasonal scales were inspected. In chapter 3, the focus was on ciliates, where the performance of different model formulations regarding their loss terms were evaluated, based on extensive phytoplankton and ciliate data sets collected from Lake Constance. In chapter 4, the influence of cell size on algal competitive abilities in an incompletely mixed water column where nutrients and light are found in opposing gradients was analyzed.The simulations with the hydro-dynamical model forced by artificially sequenced meteorological conditions revealed that the occurrence of relatively shallow mixed layer depth during the 2006/07 winter was brought about by the collective work of two winters: anomalously high air temperatures starting from 2006 November resulted in a lack of cooling, hence, insufficient densification of surface waters to replace the denser water at the deep layers, which was a result of cold air temperatures of 2005/06 winter. Therefore the limnological parameters that primarily depend on mixing dynamics such as phosphorus concentrations at surface and the timing of phytoplankton bloom are likely to overestimate the future conditions in which such warm winters are anticipated to be the norm. Contrastingly, the temperature dependent parameters such as timing of the emergence of Daphnia are shown to be potentially underestimating the future conditions, as the simulations forced with the meteorology of warm 2006/07 revealed that, it takes almost a decade in Lake Constance for the temperature profiles to reach an equilibrium annual cycle.In order to improve the understanding on the regulation of the phytoplankton and ciliate populations, a vertically resolved phytoplankton-ciliate model was used, which was driven by hydro-dynamically calculated temperature and turbulent diffusivity profiles and field measurements of phosphorus and various other zooplankton groups Across a gradient of trophic states encompassing meso\eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions reflecting three decades of reduced phosphorus loading in Lake Constance, the relative importance of bottom-up regulation of spring phytoplankton growth gradually and non-linearly exceeded that of top-down regulation. While the increase in the absolute magnitude of bottom-up limitation played a major role in this alteration of the predominance of regulation mechanisms, the decrease in the absolute magnitude of top-down regulation as a result of decreasing ciliate biomasses also had a contribution. An understanding of the seasonal scale variations in the strength of top-down and bottom-up factors were shown to be essential for understanding the variations on a long-term scale. While the decline in ciliate abundances with decreasing phytoplankton concentrations suggest that the regulation of ciliate population is predominantly bottom-up, the detailed investigation of the performance of alternative model formulations for simulating the ciliate dynamics indicates that some self-limitation process keep their population in certain bounds and prevent them from fully exploiting their algal resources. With a density dependent mortality rate, it was possible to realistically simulate the ciliate biomasses in a wide range of environmental settings, suggesting that this formulation offers a simple solution for inclusion of a microzooplankton compartment to the ecosystem models.Extensive simulations with the vertically resolved Droop-model of phytoplankton growth revealed a novel mechanism of algal competition. When the competing species differ with respect to their nutrient storage abilities, for instance, due to differences in their typical cell sizes, storage advantages can override other disadvantages such as lower growth rates or lower nutrient affinities, if the upward transport rate of nutrient-rich cells to the photic zone is sufficiently high. The supply rate of nutrient-rich cells to the surface do not only depend on the mixing intensities throughout the water column but also on other system parameters, such as background turbidity and nutrient concentrations at the bottom of the water column, which can effect the vertical distribution of light and nutrient availabilities. Moreover, the spatio-temporal heterogeneities in the mixing intensities were shown to introduce further complexities, which need to be investigated in future.publishe
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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