1,721,088 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Developing a closed loop industrial network for sustainable construction
No full textThe ‘ZeroWIN’ (Towards Zero Waste in Industrial Networks – www.zerowin.eu)project is investigating innovative approaches and strategies for preventing waste in Europe. This paper presents UK case study evidence of how development of an industrial network can contribute to achieving resource efficient construction. A series of improvements and innovations are presented to reduce resource use and close the loop on material flows so that materials are reclaimed and reused or recycled, and in turn inputs contain high recycled content and reduced embodied impacts. The principal pre-requisites for achieving these improvements are the ability to specify input materials, and segregation of materials on-site to enable their optimal reuse or recycling via the network. Barriers to further improvements are discussed; the key challenge to bringing about widespread implementation of the identified improvements will be the willingness of the decision makers to make the effort, take the time, and ultimately bear some extra cost to construct buildings with reduced environmental impact
Maximising resource use from building demolitions: UK case studies
No full textThe Construction and Demolition (C&D) Sector consumes a huge volume of resources and generates a substantial proportion of the total waste in Europe – estimates range from 33% to 49%. Currently only around half of this is recycled, despite estimates that 90% is achievable. The major barriers to improving recycling and reuse in demolition operations are the mixed and hazardous nature of materials and the established work practices – rapid demolition and site clearance, with the focus on wholesale disposal rather than material segregation and recovery. Traditionally poor measurement and reporting of resource use (water, energy and materials/waste) has made environmental assessment of demolition sites difficult.
“ZeroWIN” (Towards Zero Waste in Industrial Networks) is a 5 year project running 2009-2014, including 30 partners across 10 countries in Europe. It is EC funded under the 7th Framework Programme. Zero waste demands a “whole system” approach to redesigning resource flows to minimise emissions and resource use. The zero waste concept represents a shift from the traditional industrial model in which wastes are considered the norm, to integrated systems in which everything has its use. Project ZeroWIN is both developing methodologies to move industries towards zero waste and applying the methods in pilot applications to test feasibility.
ZeroWIN member Remade, a not-for-profit company operating in south east England to research and develop new markets for waste materials, is working with demolition companies to implement zero waste methods in demolition projects. In stage one, three demolition sites were fully audited to act as baseline scenarios; stage two will involve three further sites, in which improvements can be applied and measured against the baseline demolitions to demonstrate progress towards meeting the ZeroWIN project targets to increase reuse/recycling and reduce water and energy use. The objectives in these projects were to:
• Identify solutions to address the issues hindering maximisation of resource recovery in demolition;
• Develop an industrial network;
• Test the selective demolition methods; and
• Investigate to what extent the zero waste approach is feasible in a competitive market.
This paper reports on the principal aspects of the zero waste approach implemented in these demolition projects: development of industrial networks for resource exchange and waste prevention, demolition techniques to maximise material segregation and recovery and timely on-site auditing and monitoring. Results from the first stage are presented, and potential improvements beyond the baseline projects are highlighted. Partners in the industrial network were identified and potential reductions in emissions, water use and waste by capturing and reusing/recycling key materials were mapped out. The pre-demolition audit to identify key materials and allow measurement of improvements, selective demolition in stages to segregate the key materials, and setting up a resource exchange platform to enable reuse/recycling are the principal means by which to improve resource management at demolition sites
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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