55 research outputs found
Justifications for sex discrimination in employment : a comparative study of the law of the European Community, in the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the Federal Republic of Germany.
No full textThe removal of discrimination between women and men in the workplace,
in order to open up equality of opportunity in employment, is a measure
of social policy regarded as desirable by makers of law and policy in
Western liberal democracies, including the four legal systems examined in
the present study. Legislative provisions with the specific purpose of
removal of sex discrimination in employment have been in place in those
legal systems for a number of years: since the 1960s, in the case of the
United States of America (Civil Rights Act 1964), since the 1970s, in the
case of the United Kingdom (Equal Pay Act 1970), since the 1980s, in the
case of the Federal Republic of Germany (EG-Anpassungsgesetz 1980) and,
in the case of the European Community, since its foundation in 1957
(Treaty of Rome, Article 119).
Now that comprehensive legislation with the purpose of removal of sex
discrimination in employment is in place, in the four legal systems
examined, attention should be focused on the effectiveness of the
legislation and on proposals for its continued improvement. The
effectiveness of a particular aspect of the general legislative provisions
concerning sex discrimination in employment is the focus of the present
study. The issue with which the study is concerned is that of exceptions
to the rule of non-discrimination, or 'justifications' for discriminatory
behaviour in the employment sphere. It is common ground that any
statement of general principle (including the principle of nondiscrimination on grounds of sex) will be subject to exceptions. The
exceptions form the subject of the present study. Exceptions to a
general principle should be applied in such a way as to avoid
undermining the core principle. The study seeks to explore qualifications
to the general principle of non-discrimination in employment, and to refine
those qualifications, so as to protect the application of the general
principle
Cross-Section of a Female Worm from an Extirpated Nodule from a Patient with Onchocerciasis
No full text<div><p>Wolbachia, endosymbiotic bacteria of filarial nematodes important for embryo development, are targets for antifilarial treatment. The endobacteria cause inflammation and contribute to the pathology of lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. The bacteria here were stained with antibodies against Yersinia Hsp60. The bacteria are located in the hypodermis and oocytes of the worm (arrows). h, hypodermis; i, intestine; m, muscle; u, uterine tube.</p>
<p>(Photo: D.W. Büttner, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany)</p></div
Trim17, novel E3 ubiquitin-ligase, initiates neuronal apoptosis
No full textAccumulating data indicate that the ubiquitin-proteasome system controls apoptosis by regulating the level and the function of key regulatory proteins. In this study, we identified Trim17, a member of the TRIM/RBCC protein family, as one of the critical E3 ubiquitin ligases involved in the control of neuronal apoptosis upstream of mitochondria. We show that expression of Trim17 is increased both at the mRNA and protein level in several in vitro models of transcription-dependent neuronal apoptosis. Expression of Trim17 is controlled by the PI3K/Akt/GSK3 pathway in cerebellar granule neurons (CGN). Moreover, the Trim17 protein is expressed in vivo, in apoptotic neurons that naturally die during post-natal cerebellar development. Overexpression of active Trim17 in primary CGN was sufficient to induce the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in survival conditions. This pro-apoptotic effect was abolished in Bax(-/-) neurons and depended on the E3 activity of Trim17 conferred by its RING domain. Furthermore, knock-down of endogenous Trim17 and overexpression of dominant-negative mutants of Trim17 blocked trophic factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis both in CGN and in sympathetic neurons. Collectively, our data are the first to assign a cellular function to Trim17 by showing that its E3 activity is both necessary and sufficient for the initiation of neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death and Differentiation (2010) 17, 1928-1941; doi: 10.1038/cdd.2010.73; published online 18 June 201
Infection with Mansonella perstans Nematodes in Buruli Ulcer Patients, Ghana.
No full textDuring August 2010-December 2012, we conducted a study of patients in Ghana who had Buruli ulcer, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, and found that 23% were co-infected with Mansonella perstans nematodes; 13% of controls also had M. perstans infection. M. perstans co-infection should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of Buruli ulcer
The effect of the quorum sensing systems on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
No full textEmbargo status: Restricted to TTU community only. To view, login with your eRaider (top right). Others may request the author grant access exception by clicking on the PDF link to the left
Multi-criteria optimisation model for glass facade element with 3D printed structure
No full textThis thesis investigates the usability and creation of a multi-criteria optimisation tool for a facade element consisting of two outer glass layers and a 3D-printed core. The chosen constraint is related to the structural requirements laid down by the NEN codes based on the ULS and SLS. The criteria are: the transparency criterion, which maximises the transparency of the panel; the insulation criterion, which minimises the U-value; and the daylight criterion, which maximises the indirect sunlight at the summer solstice and the total sunlight during the winter solstice.Topology optimisation is the first considered optimisation algorithm that allows for complete freedom of the core design through discritisation of the core volume with finite elements. Nevertheless, topology optimisation is not considered usable in this tool as a result of the inability to add relevant criteria to topology optimisation integrated into software, the complexity of developing an optimisation tool with topology optimisation in Python or Matlab, and the intricate optimal core designs, which are not easily printable.Next, a hexagon structure is used as the core design with some related variables, and it is created in Rhino 7. The daylight criterion is performed with the Ladybug library, and a mesh sensitivity study is conducted. The structural constraint uses Karamba3D, and Karamba3D’s accuracy is investigated with validation with Diana and stiffness experiments. The experiments revealed a large discrepancy between the stiffness observed in the experiments and the predicted stiffness in the Karamba3D and Diana models. The insulation and transparency criteria are added, and the genetic algorithm is used to determine the near-optimal solution. Finally, a case study based on the Echo building is used to compare the near-optimal sandwich panels with regular windows. Although the computational demand inhibits quick results, the sandwich panel performs well compared to the original window in relation to the three criteria.Civil Engineering | Structural Engineerin
endobacteria depletion by doxycycline as antifilarial therapy has macrofilaricidal activity in onchocerciasis: a randomized placebo-controlled study
No full textIn a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Ghana, 67 onchocerciasis patients received 200-mg/day doxycycline for 4-6 weeks, followed by ivermectin (IVM) after 6 months. After 6-27 months, efficacy was evaluated by onchocercoma histology, PCR and microfilariae determination. Administration of doxycycline resulted in endobacteria depletion and female worm sterilization. The 6-week treatment was macrofilaricidal, with >60% of the female worms found dead, despite the presence of new, Wolbachia-containing worms acquired after the administration of doxycycline. Doxycycline may be developed as second-line drug for onchocerciasis, to be administered in areas without transmission, in foci with IVM resistance and in areas with Loa co-infections
Correction: Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia - ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals
No full textCorrección de: Molecular Psychiatry https://doi-org.udd.idm.oclc.org/10.1038/s41380-022-01616-5 , publicado en línea el 14 de junio de 2022
El nombre de uno de los coautores (Javier Vázquez-Bourgon) había sido escrito incorrectamente en el pasado, lo que ya ha sido corregido.
The article “Obesity and brain structure in schizophrenia – ENIGMA study in 3021 individuals”, written by Sean R. McWhinney, Katharina Brosch, Vince D. Calhoun, Benedicto Crespo-Facorro, Nicolas A. Crossley, Udo Dannlowski, Erin Dickie, Lorielle M. F. Dietze, Gary Donohoe, Stefan Plessis, Stefan Ehrlich, Robin Emsley, Petra Furstova, David C. Glahn, Alfonso Gonzalez- Valderrama, Dominik Grotegerd, Laurena Holleran, Tilo T. J. Kircher, Pavel Knytl, Marian Kolenic, Rebekka Lencer, Igor Nenadić, Nils Opel, JuliaKatharina Pfarr, Amanda L. Rodrigue, Kelly Rootes-Murdy, Alex J. Ross, Kang Sim, Antonín Škoch, Filip Spaniel, Frederike Stein, Patrik Švancer, Diana Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Juan Undurraga, Javier Váquez-Bourgon, Aristotle Voineskos, Esther Walton, Thomas W. Weickert, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Paul M. Thompson, Theo G. M. Erp, Jessica A. Turner, Tomas Hajek, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 14 June 2022 without open access. With the author(s)’ decision to opt for Open Choice the copyright of the article changed on 20 May 2022 to © The Author(s) 2022 and the article is forthwith distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/.Versión Publicad
Chemotherapy of filariasis – established strategies and new developments
No full textLymphatic filariasis (lympoedema and hydrocoele) and onchocerciasis (dermatitis and ocular inflammation) caused by the parasitic filarial nematodes , spp. and lead to severe morbidity in developing tropical countries. Mass drug administration (MDA) programmes use ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine, often combined with albendazole, with the aim to eliminate filarial diseases. However, these drugs primarily only kill the first stage larvae, the microfilariae. Removal of the parasites’ mutualistic endosymbionts of the genus using anti-rickettsial drugs results in permanent worm sterility and death of the adult worms. Since it is currently not compatible with mass drug administration due to the comparatively long treatment time of 4–6 weeks, doxycycline has been recommended for physician-monitored treatment of individuals. For individuals suffering from filarial pathology, the use of doxycycline is the first drug to have the additional advantage of improving lymphoedema. However, new drugs and regimes need to be in the pipeline in order to tackle the upcoming or already existing problem areas, such as those with ivermectin resistance, areas coendemic for loiasis, or end-game scenarios. Here, we summarize current treatment options and review current research approaches for optimization of anti-helminthic therapy, including the exploration of optimized delivery strategies of ivermectin and albendazole, the discovery and development of new antibiotics for anti-wolbachial chemotherapy and macrofilaricidal antihelminthics
- …
