928 research outputs found
Effects of the Administration of 5-Hydroxydl-Tryptophan and 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine on the Acquisition of a Conditioned Avoidance Response
Get PDF39, [3] leaves. Advisor: Kenneth LloydThe administration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) has been shown to result in the facilitation of performance while the administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) results in an impairment of performance and reported enhancement of acquisition. The purpose of the present study is to compare the effects of 5-HTP and L-Dopa on the acquisition of a single behavioral task.
Each animal received a total of twenty daily trials in a shuttle box one hour after injection. All mice learned to avoid footshock both during each trial and the inter-trial interval. The results indicate that 5-HTP and L-Dopa do not facilitate the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance task. A significant number of inter-trial crossovers was obtained for the L-Dopa group for the 13 days of training and the 5-HTP group for the first 2 days.
It was concluded that possible peripheral effects of L-Dopa interfered with acquisition. It was suggested that the effects of 5-HTP upon the visual system might have served to inhibit acquisition of a visual task. In view of the subject x treatment interaction, it would appear that the metabolites of 5-HTP and L-Dopa produced effects which varied within subjects as a function of the daily administration of precursors.
The further analysis of effects of 5-HTP and L-Dopa on acquisition should include correlations between variations in regional concentrations and specific behaviors
A Resource Unit for a High School American History Class: The Development of American and Russian International Relations During the Cold War
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The Effects of In-Service Training on Staff Token System Usage
Get PDF34 leaves. Advisor: Kenneth E. Lloyd.The problem. To assess the usefullness of a concentrated in-service training packet for staff. Focus was on the quality of token presentation and social interaction with residents of a residential psychiatric facility.
Procedures. A one hour in-service was presented using a multiple baseline design across eight nurses from two different shifts. The in-service presented training to help increase nurse's token presentation and appropriate social interaction
with residents. Observations were conducted during medication times at one of two nurses stations each targeted shift.
Findings. Appropriate social interaction and token
presentation from nurse to resident during medication presentation increased significantly for each nurse. Large increases across shifts were obtained also, having the A.M. shift increase from 1% to 84% appropriate social interactions and
40% to 99% correct token presentations, while the P.M, shift went from 2% to 78% and 39% to 99% respectively.
Conclusions. In-service training focussed on specific behavior change increased token presentations and appropriate social interactions in a given setting. A one week follow-up
showed maintenance of the behavior change data obtained in the study.
Recommendations. Development of a facility wide staff training packet to help increase overall token usage and apgroprrate social interactions. Assessment of the reciprocal results could then be made
A School Community Needs Assessment of the Albia Community School District
Get PDFv, 63 leaves. Advisor: Robert L. WhittThe problem. The purpose of this study was to present an assessment of the educational needs of the Albia Community School District as
viewed by parents, voters, and civic leaders in the community, thereby aiding the Board of Education, administration, and faculty in planning
the curriculum, facilities, budgets, in-service, etc.
Procedure. The opinionnaire method of research was employed to determine the reactions by the parents, voters, and civic leaders. Two methods of administering the opinionnaire were used. One, a group interview technique was used with the civic groups. Secondly, a mailing technique was used to administer the opinionnaire to parents, voters,
and the Chamber of Commerce. The results were analyzed by computing the average rating of each objective used in the study and arranging the
objectives in order of importance according to the average rating. Thirdly, the objectives were grouped under a major heading and the ratings for the objectives were averaged. That average became the average rating for the major heading. There were sixty objectives used. They were grouped under eighteen major headings. The eighteen major
objectives were ranked In order of importance according to their average ratings.
Findings. The response to the opinionnaire was good. There were 74.5 percent of the participants that returned the completed opinionnaire. The emphasis of the participants seemed to center on fine arts, use of leisure time, health and safety, and family living. The major objectives' averages ranged from 3.8 to 2.9 on a five point scale where
five was the highest possible score.
Conclusions. The immediate purpose of the study was to provide a basis for the Albia Community School District to initiate long-range planning
of philosophy, goals, and activities, facilities, etc. The study provided that basis by providing a summary of the ratings in order of importance as determined by the participants. The members of the school district feel that emphasis needs to be placed on the fine arts curriculum. In the opinion of the author of the study, the fine arts
curriculum in this particular school district needs strengthened.
Recommendations. The results of the study should be adopted by the Board of Education and the superintendent or his appointed edministrator
should assume leadership for developing an executive committee of a cross-section of the community (including students) to begin a serious
study of the curriculum of the Albia Community School District
An Analysis of the Effects of Prereferral Interventions on the Reduction of Inappropriate Classroom Behaviors
Get PDFv, 127 leaves. Advisor: Marion PanyanThe problem. The author identified a number of concerns with traditional special education services which suggest the need to investigate different methods of remediating student problems within the mainstream classroom environment. These included: (a) the educational community's
failure to meet the intent of P.L. 94-142, (b) an increasing number of individuals with mild disabilities, (c) the high cost of special education, (d) the lack of objectivity in
determining which students are eligible for special education, and (e) the general ineffectivenegs of special education instructional services. The purpose of this study was to determine whether consultants using the Mainstream
Assessment Team: A Handbook on Prereferral Intervention (MAT) (Fuchs, Fuchs, Reeder, Gilman, Fernstrom, Bahr, & Moore, 1989) as an operational tool, could successfully assist classroom teachers in reducing inappropriate behaviors of students being considered for special education evaluation.
Procedures. Three school psychologists (serving as
consultants) received abbreviated instruction in all phases of the MAT. Working with regular education teachers from three different elementary schools, the consultants used MAT techniques in intervening with 14 different students under
consideration for special education referral.
Findinqs. Compared to gender-matched peers, who served as comparison students, the 14 target students demonstrated a significant reduction in inappropriate behavior, indicating that the MAT can be an effective tool in reducing inappropriate behavior in the mainstream classroom environment.
Conclusions. While the MAT proved successful in
reducing inappropriate behaviors, additional efforts are necessary to validate its utility as an operational treatment methodology.Specifically, more work is needed in: (a) understanding the dynamics in selecting and training consultants, (b) identifying the types of problems treatable
by the MAT, (c) broadening sample sizes and constructing longitudinal studies to strengthen external validity, and (d) socially validating the MAT as a treatment intervention. While this study demonstrated the potential of the MAT as an effective classroom intervention method, until these issues are addressed, its overall usefulness and generalizability in remediating problems without relying on special education services is indeterminable
Figs. 21-24. Calileuctra dobryi larval characters. 21 in Larvae Of The Two North American Species Of Calileuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae)
No full textFigs. 21-24. Calileuctra dobryi larval characters. 21. Habitus (from Stewart & Drake, 2007); scale line = 2mm. 22. Right foreleg. 23. Abdomen, left lateral (from Stewart & Drake, 2007). 24. Basal 16 cercal segments, dorsal (from Stewart & Drake, 2007).Published as part of Stewart, Kenneth W., Stark, Bill P. & Serpa, Larry L., 2013, Larvae Of The Two North American Species Of Calileuctra (Plecoptera: Leuctridae), pp. 1-13 in Illiesia 9 (1) on page 9, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.476081
Francis Drake\u27s Course in the North Pacific, 1579
Get PDFThe year 1979 is to be a magical one. We will be reUving the excitement of the passage of a tiny ship called both the Pelican and the Golden Hind (also speJled Golden Hinde) and her dashing commander, Captain Francis Drake, and his crew as they visited the Pacific Coast of North America exactly tour hundred years ago this summer. We are celebrating a cuadricentennial. For over twenty years now it has been the privitege of the writer as a serious historical scholar to seek to iron out the details of the Drake voyage in our part of the globe. Such research is really detective work. At a moment\u27s notice Kenneth Holmes, the teacher of college students, has become Sherlock Holmes, a kind of historical and geographical detective. It has been necessary to search for clues in such varied places as the Pacific Northwest, California, western Canada, and England. The sleuthing has called not only for a search in historical documents and ancient maps, but for the acquiring of knowledge of winds and weather, of ocean currents, of bays and headlands, and of the ways of windjammers in the distant past. Then, having gathered clues of all kinds in many places, there comes the time to bring them together and to seek out the answers to a number of searching questions that have bedeviled every swish of the sails. The entire project demands discipline and impartiality . as much as is possible in a human endeavor. The answers are often gnawingly tentative· hardly ever as certain as one would wish. Yet it is the task of the historian to ask the right questions and to come up with the most plausible answers
Britain’s Right to Roam: Redefining the Landowner's Bundle of Sticks
Get PDFJerry L. Anderson is the Richard M. and Anita Calkins Professor of Law, Drake University Law School in Des Moines, Iowa.Britain recently enacted a “right to roam” in the Countryside and Rights of Way Act (CRoW) 2000. At first glance, CRoW appears to be a dramatic
curtailment of the landowner’s traditional right to exclude; it opens up all private land classified as “mountain, moor, heath, or down” to the public for hiking and picnicking. Yet, when viewed in the light of history, CRoW may be seen as partially restoring to the commoner rights lost during the enclosure period, when the commons system ended. CRoW also represents a return to a functional rather than spatial form of land ownership, allowing more than one party to have rights in a particular piece of land. The new law highlights some important public values regarding freedom of access that have been all but forgotten in the United States. The law calls into question U.S. Supreme Court precedent that has enshrined the right to exclude as an “essential” stick in the bundle of property rights and serves as a powerful alternative to the Court’s formalistic notion of property rights. Given the differences in its history, culture, and legal system, the
United States is unlikely to follow Britain’s lead in enacting a right to roam; nevertheless, the study of CRoW contains valuable lessons for Americans.The author wishes to thank the anonymous donor of the Drake International Research Stipend who generously enabled this research
Geographic profiling in Nazi Berlin: fact and fiction
Get PDFGeographic profiling uses the locations of connected crime sites to make inferences about the probable location of the offender’s ‘anchor point’ (usually a home, but sometimes a workplace). We show how the basic ideas of the method were used in a Gestapo investigation that formed the basis of a classic German novel about domestic resistance to the Nazis during the Second World War. We use modern techniques to re-analyse this case, and show that these successfully locate the Berlin home address of Otto and Elise Hampel, who had distributed hundreds of anti-Nazi postcards, after analysing just 34 of the 214 incidents that took place before their arrest. Our study provides the first empirical evidence to support the suggestion that analysis of minor terrorism-related acts such as graffiti and theft could be used to help locate terrorist bases before more serious incidents occur
Technical training for the application of L*a*b* color space to spot color matching
Get PDFPlan BSpecial color matches in the printing industry have been done by subjective means ever since the first colored ink was put in a printing press. Special, or spot colors are colors that are printed individually rather than being “built” from other colors. One of the drawbacks to this subjective method of color matching is that all individuals see color differently. Therefore, it makes sense that a quantitative, or objective, method of measuring spot colors could only improve the overall matches of these types of colors. While there has been an objective means of measuring spot colors in place since the mid 1970’s, many printers have been reluctant to utilize it for a variety of reasons. One of the reasons for this reluctance is the high cost of the instrumentation required to measure color. Another reason is that the L*a*b* color mapping model appears, on the surface, to be somewhat complicated. The L*a*b* color model maps colors on a three dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Although there are several types of color mapping systems, the L*a*b* model is generally preferred for matching spot colors. The measurements for this model are taken with an instrument called a Colorimeter. Colorimeters are designed to “see” color in much the same way that the human eye does. The purpose of the present study is to develop and implement a simple, easy to apply, pressroom training program centered on Color Theory, Color Measurement Instrumentation and Color Mapping Application. The need for this type of training is being pushed by savvy print buyers, especially those in the packaging industry. “Close enough” color matches are rapidly becoming “not good enough” matches. While many printers have been able to avoid measuring spot colors, the growing use of corporate colors and today’s demanding print buyers will fuel the need for this type of training
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