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Bite marks attributable to<i>Tyrannosaurus rex</i>: Preliminary description and implications
No full textErickson, Gregory M., Kenneth H. Olson (1996): Bite marks attributable to Tyrannosaurus rex: preliminary description and implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 (1): 175-178, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.1996.1001129
Edmontosaurus Lambe 1917
No full textAn additional specimen, a proximal pedal phalanx of Edmontosaurus sp. (University of California, Museum of Paleontology; cast 140601) from the same general vicinity as the Triceratops pelvis, shows T. rexlike bite marks (i.e. broad and deep elongate bite furrows). The element has five bite mark furrows distributed axially on its dorsal and lateral surfaces (Fig. 4). The largest furrow is 5.4 cm long and 0.9 cm deep. The bite furrows are deeper toward the proximal end of the element, suggesting that the tyrannosaur was pulling away from the carcass as it produced the bite marks. No serration marks are evident on the specimen.Published as part of Erickson, Gregory M. & Kenneth H. Olson, 1996, Bite marks attributable to Tyrannosaurus rex: preliminary description and implications, pp. 175-178 in Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 (1) on page 175, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.1996.10011297, http://zenodo.org/record/373243
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Triceratops Marsh 1889
No full textDozens of T. rex tooth marks appear on a Triceratops sp. pelvis (sacrum and left ilium) that is housed at the Museum of the Rockies, Bozeman, Montana (MOR 799). This specimen was found by K. H. Olson in the Late Maastrichtian Hell Creek Formation of east-central Montana. The pelvis bears 58 definitive bite marks and 22 possible others (Figs. 1, 2). Many bite marks overlay one another, making an exact count impossible. We suggest that the tooth marks were produced by an adult T. rex because of their large size (punctures up to 2.5 cm in width and 3.7 cm in depth), their cross-sectional areas are rounded (unlike the more elliptical punctures made by most non-tyrannosaurid theropods whose teeth had lenticular cross-sectional areas: see Farlow et al., 1991), their spacing is wide (>4 cm), and some bones bear coarse serration marks on their periosteal surfaces. Additionally, a cast of one of the deeper bites matches the morphology of an adult T. rex lateral tooth (sensu Farlow et al., 1991), including its carina (Fig. 3A, B). Finally, no other known carnivorous animals present in the Hell Creek fauna were large enough to have inflicted comparable damage. At least thirty-nine puncture marks are located on the ventral and both lateral surfaces of the Triceratops sacrum, showing that it was overturned either prior to or during feeding. Most bites occur on the first sacral vertebra (Fig. 1). It appears the tyrannosaur(s) may have detached the pelvis from the torso by repetitively biting into this centrum, as it has been nearly bitten in half. The majority of these bite marks are in the form of deep localized punctures and appear to have been made by a tyrannosaur’s larger anterior lateral teeth. A few elongate bite furrows from shallower biting also appear. The largest is located on the transverse process of the third sacral vertebra and is 1.0 cm in depth and 11.8 cm long. Between the transverse processes of two adjacent sacral vertebrae (second and third) are four faint vertically inclined furrows that appear to be nipping marks made by a tyrannosaur’s premaxillary teeth. (Unfortunately they show low relief and therefore are not figured here.) The left ilium of the Triceratops bears at least 19 bite marks on both its ventral and dorsal surfaces (Figs. 1, 2). The bite marks are distributed around the periphery of the iliac crest. Approximately one-sixth of the anterior end of the ilium was bitten off by repetitive bites concentrated in this region. The majority of these bites are furrow-shaped and were likely inflicted by a tyrannosaur’s larger anterior lateral teeth. The longest furrow is 0.9 cm in depth and 10.1 cm long.Published as part of Erickson, Gregory M. & Kenneth H. Olson, 1996, Bite marks attributable to Tyrannosaurus rex: preliminary description and implications, pp. 175-178 in Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 (1) on page 175, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.1996.10011297, http://zenodo.org/record/373243
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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