1,721,086 research outputs found
Remembering Marvin Minsky
No full textMarvin Minsky, one of the pioneers of artificial intelligence and a renowned mathematicial and computer scientist, died on Sunday, 24 January 2016 of a cerebral hemmorhage. He was 88. In this article, AI scientists Kenneth D. Forbus (Northwestern University), Benjamin Kuipers (University of Michigan), and Henry Lieberman (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) recall their interactions with Minksy and briefly recount the impact he had on their lives and their research. A remembrance of Marvin Minsky was held at the AAAI Spring Symposium at Stanford University on March 22. Video remembrances of Minsky by Danny Bobrow, Benjamin Kuipers, Ray Kurzweil, Richard Waldinger, and others can be on the sentient webpage1 or on youtube.com.</jats:p
How can spatial language be learned?
Get PDFHow languages are learned is one of the deepest mysteries of cognitive science. This question can be addressed from multiple perspectives. This position paper considers two of them: (1) How do people learn spatial language? (2) Given the wide range of spatial terms in language, how might we bootstrap the linguistic capabilities of intelligent systems that need spatial language to achieve wide and accurate coverage? We discuss each question in turn
How should depiction be represented and reasoned about?
Get PDFInterpreting a scene requires understanding how its visual properties and context yield evidence about the spatial and conceptual properties of what it depicts. Depiction is intimately tied to spatial language, since describing a scene
linguistically, or imagining a scene described in language, involves connecting linguistic and spatial knowledge. We focus here on scenes described via sketching
Introducing Actions into Qualitative Simulation
No full textMany potential uses of qualitative physics, such as robot planning and intelligent computer-aided engineering, require integrating physics with actions taken by agents. This paper proposes to augment qualitative simulation to include the effects of actions to form action-augmented envisionments. The action-augmented envisionment incorporates both the effects of an agent's actions and what will happen in the physical world whether or not the agent does something. Consequently, it should provide a richer basis for planning and procedure generation than any previous representation. This paper defines actionaugmented envisionments and an algorithm for directly computing them, along with an analysis of its complexity and suitability for different kinds of problems. We describe our initial implementation and discuss potential extensions, including incremental algorithms. Keywords: Qualitative reasoning, planning, artificial intelligence. Presented at the 2nd Qualitative Physics Workshop Pa..
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Scaling up Self-Explanatory Simulators: Polynomial-time Compilation
No full textSelf-explanatory simulators have many potential applications, including supporting engineering activities, intelligent tutoring systems, and computer-based training systems. To fully realize this potential requires improving the technology to efficiently generate highly optimized simulators. This paper describes an algorithm for compiling selfexplanatory simulators that operates in polynomial time. It is capable of constructing self-explanatory simulators with thousands of parameters, which is an order of magnitude more complex than any previous technique. The algorithm is fully implemented, and we show evidence that suggests its performance is quadratic in the size of the system being simulated. We also analyze the tradeoffs between compilers and interpreters for self-explanatory simulation in terms of application-imposed constraints, and discuss plans for applications. 1
UIUCDCS-R-86-1300 The Logic of Occurrence
No full textA general problem in qualitative physics is determining the consequences of assumptions about the behavior of a system. If the space of behaviors is represented by an envisionment, many such consequences can be represented by pruning states from the envisionment. This paper provides a formal logic of occurrence which justifies the algorithms involved and provides a language for relating specific histories to envisionments. The concepts and axioms are general enough to be applicable to any system of qualitative physics. We further propose the concept of transverse quantities as a general solution to qualitative versions of Zeno's paradox. The utility of these ideas is illustrated by a rational reconstruction of the pruning algorithms used in FROB, a working AI program
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