1,354,735 research outputs found
Extensions of the Scherk–Kemperman Theorem
No full textAbstractLet Γ=(V,E) be a reflexive relation with a transitive automorphism group. Let F be a finite subset of V containing a fixed element v. We prove that the size of Γ(F) (the image of F) is at least|F|+|Γ(v)|−|Γ−(v)∩F|.Let A,B be finite subsets of a group G. Applied to Cayley graphs, our result reduces to the following extension of the Scherk–Kemperman Theorem, proved by Kemperman:|AB|⩾|A|+|B|−|A∩(cB−1)|, for every c∈AB
Nutrition and biomarkers in psychiatry : research on micronutrient deficiencies in schizophrenia, the role of the intestine in the hyperserotonemia of autism, and a method for non-hypothesis driven discovery of biomarkers in urine
Full text linkThis thesis describes the study of markers of nutrition and intestinal motility in mental disorders with a focus on schizophrenia and autism, and the development, evaluation and application of a biomarker discovery method for urine. The aim of the thesis is to investigate the role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), B-vitamins and platelet (PLT) serotonin (5-HT) in schizophrenia and autism. The thesis proposes also that biomarker research in psychiatric disease is of great relevance and describes a biomarker discovery method in urine using a non-hypothesis driven ‘-omics’-like approach. The thesis ends by summarizing its contents and putting biomarker research in psychiatric disease and its implications in a broader perspective.
In the Introduction the complex etiology and potential role of non-hypothesis driven biomarker research in psychiatric disease is reviewed, with an accent on schizophrenia and autism. The enormous economic and psychosocial global burden of mental disorders is described as well as their epidemiology, clinical presentation and classification/diagnosis. Hypothesized etiological factors are discussed to create a framework in which biomarkers and the research thereof can be positioned. Furthermore, advances in the field of biomarker research in psychiatry are discussed in the context of epigenetics, proteomics and metabolomics.
The first part (Part I) of this thesis describes a study of LCPUFA and B-vitamins in schizophrenia, of PLT 5-HT and intestinal permeability in autism, and of the value of PLT 5-HT as marker of intestinal motility in newborns. The chapters, in which these studies are described, are preceded by a review (Chapter 1), which gives an overview of the role of LCPUFA and folate in the etiology and severity of psychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disorders, schizophrenia and autism. Pregnancy complications and folate-substrated carbon-1 metabolism are considered and their possible epigenetic effect on the etiology of mental disorders is described. Other nutritional factors, such as LCPUFA, that are important for brain development, physico-chemical properties of membranes, signal transduction and DNA-transcription, and that have been used in supplementation trials, are suggested to be important factors in the origin and severity of schizophrenia. In Chapter 2 we describe the results from a study concerning the essential fatty acid (EFA) and functional B-vitamin status in patients with schizophrenia. Aberrant EFA-status and increased homocysteine (Hcy; a marker of functional B-vitamin deficiency), have been reported before in subgroups of patients with schizophrenia. We describe the characteristics of large subgroups with marginal to severe deficiencies of LCPUFA and B-vitamins, notably folate and vitamin B12. Deficiencies proved easily correctable in the most severely deficient patients upon supplementation with ω3 fatty acids and B-vitamins. Chapter 3 attempts to integrate and link previously reported findings of increased intestinal permeability and increased PLT 5-HT levels in subgroups of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). Platelet 5-HT and intestinal permeability were assessed in children with PDD in Curaçao. Differential urinary excretion of inert sugars after ingestion of a sugar solution was used as marker of intestinal permeability. In Chapter 4 we examined the potential of PLT 5-HT as marker of intestinal motility. For this we studied whole blood and PLT 5-HT in mothers (normal motility) and their newborns (developing intestinal motility) at birth. The course of PLT 5-HT in relation to changes in feeding mode (i.e. parenteral/enteral) was investigated in a small group of preterm born infants to see whether PLT 5-HT was responsive to changes in intestinal motility. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 describe hypothesis-driven research in mental disorders. However, the advance of knowledge about mental disorders is slow and it is likely to benefit from complementation by information that is generated through non-hypothesis driven research with state-of-the art techniques that profile proteins (i.e. proteomics) and metabolites (i.e. metabolomics). These ‘-omics’ techniques are likely to deliver a multitude of candidate diagnostic and prognostic markers as well as therapeutic targets, compared to hypothesis driven research.
Part II is thus devoted to the development, evaluation and application of such a non-hypothesis driven method. In Chapter 5 we describe the comparative analysis of low molecular weight urinary components using LC-MS and subsequent multivariate statistical analysis of the processed LC-MS data. This chapter deals with the development, evaluation and preliminary application of the method to proteinuria in humans. The potential and pitfalls of the method are contemplated upon. Chapter 6 describes an advanced proof-of-principle of the method through the comparison of urinary profiles from pregnant and non-pregnant females using the improved methodology described in Chapter 5. The methodology is significantly optimized with respect to data processing and multivariate statistical analysis. More focus is put on the selection of discriminatory peaks.
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Éénderde van de patiënten met schizofrenie blijkt matige tot ernstige tekorten aan bepaalde B-vitaminen en ω3- en ω6-vetzuren te hebben. Deze tekorten zijn eenvoudig op te heffen met voedingsupplementen (o.a. foliumzuur en visolie). Een lage status van deze micronutriënten speelt waarschijnlijk een rol in het ontstaan en de ernst van diverse psychiatrische ziekten en het ontstaan van hart- en vaatziekten. De behandelende artsen vermoedden het bestaan van deze tekorten niet.
Ongeveer een kwart van de patiënten met autisme heeft een verhoogd serotoninegehalte in bloedplaatjes (hyperserotonemie: “biomarker”). Serotonine is een neurotransmitter in onze hersenen en darmen. Autisten zouden ook vaker maagdarmstoornissen hebben. We vonden geen relatie tussen hyperserotonemie (26%) en de darmdoorlaatbaarheid (in 0% verhoogd) in kinderen met autisme. Het idee dat een verhoogde darmmotiliteit hyperserotonemie veroorzaakt, werd ondersteund door een twee maal hoger bloedplaatjesserotonine van moeders (actieve darm) t.o.v. hun pasgeboren baby’s (inactieve darm). Tevens bleek starten en staken van enterale voeding in pasgeborenen gecorreleerd aan respectievelijk stijgingen en dalingen van hun bloedplaatjesserotonine. Meer onderzoek naar het maagdarmstelsel (onze “second brain”) bij autisme is gewenst.
Niet-hypothesegedreven onderzoek als aanvulling op het veelal hypothesegedreven onderzoek kan helpen bij het vinden van diagnostische en therapeutische biomarkers voor psychiatrische stoornissen. De hiertoe opgezette methode onderzoekt urinemonsters met vloeistofchromatografie-massaspectrometrie, waarna de 3D-data multivariaat geanalyseerd worden om biomarkers te ontdekken. Experimenten met urinemonsters van patiënten met eiwit in hun urine (vanwege een nierziekte) en controles, en van zwangere en niet-zwangere vrouwen, lieten duidelijke groepsverschillen zien (“proof-of-principle”). Dit geeft hoop dat de ontwikkelde methode in de toekomst gebruikt kan worden voor het opsporen van biomarkers bij psychiatrische stoornissen en andere ziektes.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
sj-docx-1-eab-10.1177_00139165241245815 – Supplemental material for Interactive Playgrounds and Children’s Outdoor Play Behavior: Children’s Perspectives
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-eab-10.1177_00139165241245815 for Interactive Playgrounds and Children’s Outdoor Play Behavior: Children’s Perspectives by Avin Khalilollahi, Dena Kasraian, Astrid D. A. M. Kemperman and Pieter van Wesemael in Environment and Behavior</p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
Full text linkThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
Full text linkIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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