1,721,077 research outputs found
Investigation of the biochemical and clinical phenotype in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Full text linkObjectives
• Establish the distinct androgen signature in a healthy population
• Investigate whether people with PCOS have a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and body dysmorphia
• Take steps to include people with PCOS in designing and delivering education regarding the condition can help us reduce the gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice of PCOS.
Methods
The objectives were addressed in four parts:
• Morning serum and saliva samples were collected from 290 and 83 healthy volunteers respectively. Serum and salivary steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry profiling assays (Healthy volunteer study).
• 1006 women completed an online survey which included validated questionnaires on four domains: Emotional wellbeing (anxiety and depression), body image, weight-related stigma, and sexual function (Blue Morpho study).
• 43 women aged 18-60 years were invited to complete an online survey about their lived experiences at the onset of the symptoms of PCOS, their journey during diagnosis, an explanation of PCOS to their younger self, and any advice for their younger self (PCOS Pearls study).
• HCP and people with PCOS underwent simulation-based and workshop-based learning respectively on four PCOS case scenarios. Data regarding confidence and expectations regarding PCOS were collected pre- and post-simulation. Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test was used to compare change in confidence levels. Thematic induction was used to identify areas of gaps between expectation and delivery of care (SIMBA-PCOS study).
Results
Healthy volunteer blood samples confirmed that 11-oxygenated androgens form a stable circulating pool of androgens during adulthood, while classic androgens decline with age and are subject to menstrual cycle-dependent variation. In Blue Morpho study, we found women of non-white ethnicity (611/1003) reported a higher depression (OR 1.96 [95% CI 1.41-2.73]) and lower BDD (OR 0.57 [95% CI 0.41-0.79]) rates, than white ethnic women (392/1003). In PCOS Pearls, we found that people with PCOS were impacted significantly by their symptoms and many women feel dissatisfied with the support they receive from healthcare professionals. In SIMBA PCOS, HCPs reported increased confidence to manage PCOS cases (simulated: +41.0%, p<0.001; non-simulated: +40.0%, p<0.001; all: +40.5%, p<0.001). There was 6.25% (p=0.0141) and 17.7% (p=0.0002) increase in PPI participants’ confidence in HCPs to diagnose and manage PCOS-related issues respectively.
Conclusions
A combination of classic and 11-oxygenated androgens can be used to understand the impact of androgen excess in PCOS. There is a need for tailored, multidisciplinary approach to the management of people with PCOS in the community and improving awareness amongst primary healthcare to improve patient care
Glycemic changes in acute anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning
No full textBackground: Patients admitted with acute anticholinesterase poisoning were observed to manifest certain glycemic changes, albeit transient. This study was undertaken to elucidate these changes in detail. Objective: To study the prevalence of any glycemic change in acute anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning and to establish their correlation, if any, with the severity of poisoning. Methods: All patients admitted at our center with a confirmed diagnosis of acute anticholinesterase insecticide poisoning were included in the study. The presence of any glycemic change (hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia or ketosis or glycosuria) was noted and its magnitude and duration were recorded. The presence of any glycemic change was correlated with the severity of poisoning. Results: Of the 76 patients studied, 39 (51%) had consumed organophosphate and 37 (49%) had consumed carbamate. Among the 39 organophosphate poisoning cases, glycosuria alone was observed in 22 cases (56.41%) and along with hyperglycemia in 8 cases. Among the 37 carbamate cases, 14 (37.84%) had glycosuria alone and 5 cases had hyperglycemia in addition. None had hypoglycemia or ketosis. However, the observed glycosuria was transient lasting for a mean of 2.75 days in organophosphate group and 2.25 days in carbamate group. Hyperglycemia lasted slightly longer with a mean duration of 3.25 days and 2.75 days in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning respectively. The glycemic changes observed occurred more frequently in patients with Bardin's grade 2 and 3 poisoning. Conclusion: Transient glycosuria with or without hyperglycemia occurred in a significant number of patients with organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. A positive correlation existed between the glycemic changes and the severity of poisoning. Long term clinical implications of these glycemic changes need to be further evaluated by follow-up studies
Body image concerns in women with polycystic ovary syndrome:A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkObjective: To assess differences in body image concerns among women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Design: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: Electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsychInfo, PUBMED, Web-of-Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials [CENTRAL]) were searched from inception through July 2022. Outcome measures included validated questionnaires reporting on body image concerns. Methodological quality was assessed by the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system, and included studies were assessed for risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using the inverse variance method based on random or fixed effects models (Review Manager, Version 5).Results: A total of 918 women with PCOS and 865 women without PCOS from 9 studies were included. Meta-analysis of 3 studies using Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) showed those with PCOS reported higher dissatisfaction with appearance evaluation and appearance orientation compared to those without PCOS (mean difference [MD] = −0.78, I2 = 0%, P < .00001, and MD = 0.22, I2 = 54%, P = .004, respectively). Meta-analysis of 2 studies showed higher dissatisfaction with overweight preoccupation, lower body area satisfaction, and body weight classification on MBSRQ-AS subscales in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (all P < .001). Meta-analysis of 2 studies using the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults (BESAA) showed significantly lower scores for the weight subscale in those with PCOS compared to those without PCOS (P = .03).Conclusions: Those with PCOS experience more significant body image concerns, emphasising the importance of awareness in the clinical care of PCOS. Considering the limited evidence, further studies are warranted to identify drivers and mitigating factors
Cyanamide
No full text© 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Cyanamide is similar to but not as toxic as cyanide. It is commonly used in agriculture and in pharmaceutical industries. While the main mechanism of acute toxicity is due to overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system, symptoms of chronic toxicity are due to inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase resulting in disulfiram-like syndrome. Symptoms of severe poisoning include metabolic acidosis and refractory shock. There is no known antidote for cyanamide toxicity, and management of acute cyanamide toxicity is mainly symptomatic. Chronic toxicity could be prevented by systematic program of medical surveillance of personnel who are under long-term exposure to cyanamide
Foot STAMP (Short-burst Teaching Aimed at Medical Professionals): impact of ‘short-burst' teaching on the knowledge regarding the Ipswich Touch Test
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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