1,721,582 research outputs found
The expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPS) in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC)
No full textThe expression pattern of MMPs (Collagenases MMPs 1,8,13; Gelantinases MMPs 2,9; Stromelysins MMPs 3,7) and TIMPs (TIMPs 1 and 2) was examined in fresh tissue and paraffin sections from 30 patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal carcinoma metastases and 3 patients with benign liver lesions, using semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. It was also examined, using immunohistochemistry, in the paraffin sections of the primary tumours giving rise to these liver metastases. MMP 1, MMP 9, MMP 3 and MMP 7 mRNAs were highly expressed in colorectal liver metastases. Immunohistochemistry confirmed these findings, MMPs 1 and 9 being expressed by tumour stromal cells, whereas MMPs 3 and 7 were expressed by adeenocarcinoma and stromal cells. TIMP 1 and TIMP 2 mRNA was expressed by both colorectal carcinoma metastases and distal liver. The expression of TIMP 1 and 2 mRNA in the adjacent liver was markedly lower than in both the metastasis and distal liver. In the benign lesions TIMP 1 and 2 mRNA expression appeared equal throughout. All the primary tumours MMP 1,8,2,9,3,7 and TIMP 1 and 2. Tumour stromal cells expressed MMP 1 (fibroblasts and macrophages), MMP 8 (fibroblasts), MMP 2 (fibroblasts), MMP 9 (macrophages). MMPs 3 and 7 were expressed by both adenocarcinoma cells and tumour stromal macrophages. TIMP 1 was expressed by macrophages in the tumour stroma and TIMP 2 by fibroblasts. High expression of MMPs 1,9,3 and 7 in the CRC metastasis and down regulation of TIMP 1 and 2 in the immediate adjacent liver tissue may facilitate local growth of hepatic metastatic disease. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms involved in this complex relationship between metastasis liver, MMP and TIMP.</p
Alien Registration- Kelly, Stephen P. (Madison, Somerset County)
Full text linkhttps://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/6520/thumbnail.jp
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
From oil spills to invasive species: Lagrangian modelling of connectivity in the Arctic Ocean
No full textMarine connectivity describes the spatial and temporal linkages between separated parts of the global ocean. How different regions are connected, on what timescales, and by which oceanic pathways are important questions for a wide variety of applications. Answering these questions is an inherently interdisciplinary problem, with techniques including in-situ observations, remote sensing, and modelling used in synergy to answer key scientific questions. Here, a modelling approach is employed to contribute to our understanding of the wider field. This thesis focuses on understanding the importance of marine connectivity in the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic is a particularly important part of the global ocean, not least because of the impacts of climate change and loss of sea ice. This presents both challenges and opportunities - for instance, the retreat of Arctic sea ice is increasing interest in exploiting the region for resource extraction and commercial shipping, and changing circulation associated with a warming Arctic may permit invasive species to traverse the ocean. These and other drivers motivate research into how connectivity is shaping the ecological, physical, and socioeconomic features of the Arctic Ocean. Primarily using a Lagrangian particle-tracking technique in conjunction with a state of the art, eddy-permitting ocean model, three case studies – one biological, one physical and one socioeconomic – are used to explore the impact of marine connectivity in the Arctic Ocean. These studies respectively focus on: 1. Exploring the change in connectivity between the Beaufort Gyre and the sources of its freshwater contribution (Kelly et al., 2019); and 2. Investigating the spread of pollutants in the event of a shipping accident from the Northern Sea Route (Kelly et al.,iv2018); 3. Assessing the role of changing advective pathways linking the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans on potential invasive species to the North Atlantic (Kelly et al., 2020). Individually, each paper addresses one specific aspect of Arctic connectivity. As chapters of a the-sis, they are designed to illustrate the importance of marine connectivity in linking physical, biological and socioeconomic factors in a rapidly changing Arctic Ocean
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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