1,721,060 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Ermittlung von Voraussetzungen für die Dosisanpassung in speziellen Patientenpopulationen auf dem Gebiet der Endokrinologie und Infektiologie
No full textDrug therapy is always at risk of over- or underdosing resulting in inefficient treatment or adverse drug reactions. To find an optimal dose of a drug is therefore crucial. However, determination of the “right dose” is challenging due to several reasons as patient-individual factors impacting the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of a drug (e.g. obesity) or due to the still present knowledge gaps mainly in special patients (e.g. infants) or special conditions (e.g. hemofiltration). Aggravatingly, the available pharmacokinetic information comprises mainly easily accessible matrices as plasma, which is often not the target site for drugs and may differ significantly with regard of the concentration-time courses of a drug. In addition, small inhomogeneities in the dosage forms change the amount of administered drug which may also influence the therapy outcome.
The objective of Project I was to evaluate uniformity of dug content and net mass as well as accuracy of content in contemporaneously compounded hydrocortisone capsules as preparation of a subsequently planned clinical trial. Uniformity and accuracy investigations were performed in adaption of testing methods provided by the European Pharmacopeia using a suitable quantification method developed for this project. The vast majority of capsules showed a good uniformity within the tolerable limits but on the other side, some batches contained capsules with maximum deviations of ±27.6% (net mass) and even ±203% (content) from the respective batch mean which would most probably lead to suboptimal treatment. The accuracy investigation revealed across all capsules and batches a by about 11% decreased dose with similar deviations as found for uniformity of content. In addition, a potential correlation of net mass and drug content was assessed but could be shown in just a minority of batches.
The aim of Project II was to investigate potential impact factors of microdialysis sample collection on relative recovery values to inform the study design of a clinical trial investigating antibiotic combinations in obese patients. Several in vitro investigations were performed using a standardised in vitro microdialysis system. Combinations of up to 4 drugs and the order in which drugs were microdialysed did not impact relative recovery, but air in the system led to much lower and highly inconsistent relative recovery values. Hence, air should urgently be avoided to obtain reliable and consistent results from microdialysis sampling. Additionally, time until consistency of obtained relative recovery values after a flow rate change was assessed and resulted in recommendations for equilibration times of at least 10 to 15 min depending on the applied flow rate.
Also in Project III, in vitro investigations were performed to evaluate potential impact factors using the in vitro microdialysis system. The investigations showed neither an impact of the pH value in surrounding medium and perfusate, nor of diffusion direction (microdialysis or retrodialysis setting) or vancomycin concentration on resulting relative recovery values. As expected, an impact of flow rate on relative recovery values was observed. The results of the in vitro investigations were successfully implemented in the design of a clinical trial determining the feasibility of vancomycin quantification in infants via subcutaneous microdialysis. Study samples were quantified using a previously in the Department developed LC- MS/MS method. The resulting concentrations showed plausible time courses. In addition, no increased risk of adverse events was observed and therefore feasibility of microdialysis sampling in the infants was proven.
Project IV aimed to extent a previously developed HPLC method for the quantification of cefuroxime and linezolid from microdialysate to also plasma samples. The final method was applied for the quantification of both drugs in a clinical trial investigating both drugs as perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis treatment. The plasma concentration-time courses were subsequently compared to previously determined microdialysate and interstitial fluid concentrations showing a very good tissue penetration of cefuroxime and an impaired 1 for linezolid, especially in the synovial fluid of the knee.
All here presented projects helped to close knowledge gaps in the treatment of endocrine disorders or bacterial infections. Project I supported the subsequent clinical trial and ultimately the approval of a commercial paediatric dosage form lowering the variability of administered hydrocortisone doses and therefore increasing the therapeutic outcome. The in vitro investigations of Project II and III answer basic research questions in the field of microdialysis and increased the quality of obtained data from the clinical trials by optimising the study designs. Finally, the analysis of clinical trial samples in Project III and IV gave a valuable insight into target site pharmacokinetics
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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