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Valentinus et Nomina: Saussure, Plato, and Signification / ﭬﺎﻻﻧﺘﻴﻨﻮﺱ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻤﺎﺀ: ﺳﻮﺳﻮﺭ٬ ﺃﻓﻼﻃﻮﻥ٬ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻐﺰﻯ
No full text[The mythology of Valentinus, the Christian Gnostic, is replete with the fascinating suggestion that names have salvific power. In The Gospel of Truth, he says that God uses names to call beings into existence, and that the name of the Father is the Son. This notion of nomina sacra has proven challenging to understand. The author of the article argues this is partly due to our post-Saussurean framework; we find it difficult to make such claims consistent with Saussure\u27s principle of the arbitrariness of signs. Valentinus, in complete contradiction to this principle, presupposes an essential connection between names and beings. Insofar as it relies on such essentialism, it is profoundly difficult to give a straightforward, consistent post-Saussurean interpretation of the mysticism of the name in Valentinus\u27 salus per nomina. Nevertheless many commentators have attempted such interpretations, avoiding the tension by trying to make it a part of their reading. Such attempts often end up obscure and desperate, clarifying little. The author of the article critiques part of this interpretive tradition and tries to overcome the larger difficulties by offering a reconstruction of salus per nomina based on Platonic nomenclaturism, thus developing a viable alternative interpretation in an essentialist vein. /تزخر أسطورة ڤالانتينوس الغنوصي المسيحي بذلك الطرح الرائع الذي يٶكد أن الأسماء تتمتع بقوة الخلاص؛ فهو يقول في إنجيل ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ إن ﺍﻟﻠﻪ يستخدم أسماء لكي يدعو الكائنات إلى الولوج إلى حيز الوجود، ويذهب أيضاﹰ إلى أن اسم الأب هو الابن ، ولعل مفهوم ((الاسماء المقدسة)) هذا قد أثبت أنه يستعصي بحق على الفهم، ويُرﺟِﻊ الكاتب في مقالته بعضاﹰ من أسباب تلك الصعوبة إلى الإطار ما بعد السوسوري الذي نتحرك بداخله؛ إذ نجد صعوبة بالغة في أن نجعل مثل تلك الادعاءات متسقة مع مبدأ سوسور القائم على اعتباطية العلامات٠ وعلى النقيض تماماﹰ من هذا المبدأ، يفترض ڤالانتينوس وجود صلة مسبقة بين الأسماء والكائنات، وطالما يعتمد الأمر - على هذا النحو - على هذه النزعة الجوهرية يصبح من العسير أن نطرح تأويلاﹰ ما بعد سوسوري يتسم بالدقة والمباشرة للطابع الصوفي المغلف للاسم في مفهوم ڤالانتينوس عن الخلاص بالأسماء ٠ ولكن ثمة الكثير من المعلقين حاولوا طرح مثل هذه التأويلات، منحين جانباﹰ ذلك التوتر من خلال جعله جزءاﹰ لايتجزأ من قراءتهم٠ بيد أن هذه المحاولات تنتهي غالباﹰ بالغموض واليأس؛ فلا تميط اللثام إلا عن قليل٠ يتناول كاتب المقالة بالنقد جزءاﹰ من هذا التقليد التأويلي المعتاد، ويحاول التغلب على الصعاب الأكبر عبر طرح يعيد بناء مفهوم الخلاص بالأسماء ، معتمداﹰ على منهج أفلاطوني في التسمية، ليصل بذلك إلى تأويل بديل قابل للتطور ذي صبغة جوهرية٠
The Early Reception of Peter Auriol at Oxford
Get PDFThe important impact of the French Franciscan Peter Auriol (ca. 1280-1322) upon contemporary philosophical theology at Oxford is well known and has been well documented and analyzed, at least for a narrow range of issues, particularly in epistemology. This article attempts a more systematic treatment of his effects upon Oxford debates across a broader range of subjects and over a more expansive duration of time than has been done previously. Topics discussed include grace and merit, future contingents and divine foreknowledge, and the logic of the Trinity
Oxford Quodibeta from Ockham to Holcot
Get PDFThe quodlibetal collection sat Oxford in the are fourteenth century are discussed
Iteration and Infinite Regress in Walter Chatton's Metaphysics
No full textRondo Keele makes a foray into what he calls 'applied logic', investigating a complex argument strategy employed against Ockham by his greatest contemporary opponent, Walter Chatton. Chatton conceives a two-part strategy which attempts to force a kind of iteration of conceptual analysis, together with an infinite explanatory regress, in order to establish that one particular philosophical analysis is ultimately dependent on another. Chatton uses this strategy against Ockham in order to show that the latter's reductionist metaphysics depends ultimately upon a deeper level of realist assumptions that he can neither evade nor explain away. Keele then shows how, earlier in his career, Chatton found himself on the receiving end of this same strategy, defending his own highly original solution to the problem of future contingents from the very iteration-regress attack he would subsequently use on Ockham. Keele concludes with an examination of Chatton's attempts to avoid the consequences of his own strategy, and draws some connections between this argument strategy and modal collapse in modern logics
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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