1,721,090 research outputs found
Productive Synergies in the City
No full textThe chapter focuses on the development of sustainable growing infrastructure in the city at two scales. Firstly the development of a large-scale city wide fuel productive landscape through the development of algae arrays in Liverpool and their connection through urban agriculture systems to develop a closed-cycle food and energy system where waste is food and secondly a hyper-localised neighbourhood food production system in Salford UK that utilises a closed cycle aquaponic system to re-invigorate an urban food desert. The author develops a three-part model for the implementation of urban agriculture based on hardware (the technological system), software (the biological components) and interface (the links to food and other social networks). The conclusion being that it is possible to develop urban agriculture in cities if their implementation is seen as a process, rather than a static design. Also that as the benefits of such systems are wider than purely the physical outputs of the system in terms of energy and food, and thus we should re-evaluate the purely economic model of appraisal to include these.<br/
Who makes the city?:Community food gardens and CPUL City Actions
No full textThis chapter reflects on how community food gardens, established by residents living in six high-density public housing estates in London, may be understood in relation to planning and design strategies advocating the coherent introduction of urban agriculture into cities. It extends findings Tomkins made while completing a PhD by placing them in relation to Bohn and Viljoen's proposal for four CPUL City Actions to promote the integration of food-productive spaces into the urban realm. These City Actions closely align with a multi-stakeholder and action planning approach formulated by the United Nation's Habitat and Environment Programme. The authors have applied a variety of research methodologies, Bohn and Viljoen predominantly using design research methods and Tomkins using participant observation taking the approach of “an agnostic” to enable the suspension of theoretical assumptions, in this case that food growing was the main motivator for the residents' establishment of food gardens. Tomkins' findings are contextualised in relation to international practices and Bohn and Viljoen's research. The authors conclude that while food and food growing for consumption, remain primary motivations for community food gardeners, issues of spatial sovereignty currently take precedent over food growing. They observe that communal growing is by its nature connective, requiring several instances to be seen together, all of which originate from the actions, interactions and sensations of the body. If urban agriculture is to enable more resilient urban food system, the authors' work suggests that a far greater range of production types will be needed within urban landscapes to accommodate the many and nuanced motivations that encourage residents to grow food communally.<br/
Designing edible landscapes : the social construction of green infrastructure in Vigo, Spain
No full textEste capítulo de libro aborda la creciente atención sobre el papel de los paisajes productivos para cumplir con las necesidades de seguridad alimentaria, biodiversidad y aspectos estéticos del paisaje en áreas urbanas. Dado que en muchas áreas urbanas se considera que una parte sustancial del espacio verde público es de baja calidad, la pregunta central en este capítulo es cómo se puede mejorar la calidad de estas áreas públicas transformándolas (parcial o completamente) en un paisaje 'comestible' multifacético. El carácter innovador del capítulo radica en el análisis de una respuesta localmente fundamentada a la alienación y la falta de sostenibilidad del sistema alimentario global.There is an increasing attention for the role of productive landscapes in complying with the necessities of food security, biodiversity and aesthetical landscape aspects in urban areas. Since in many urban areas a substantial part of green public space is considered to be of poor quality the central question is how the quality of these public areas can be improved by transforming (parts of) it into a multi-facetted ‘edible’ landscape. This case study centres on the design and optimization of green infrastructure in and around Vigo (300,000 inhabitants), in the northwest of Spain.
Vigo’s green infrastructure consists of municipal parks, many scattered plots of private land in use of vegetable gardening and maize production, and ‘commons’ managed by neighbourhood communities. The case study focuses on the commonly managed areas, in which decision-making processes on land-use opportunities by local groups direct the development of the city-region’s green infrastructure: urban and peri-urban agriculture and forestry (UPAF) in which the dominant land-use pattern shifts from mono-forestry to a multi-facetted edible landscape, thus again including food production.European CommissionDepto. de Economía Aplicada, Pública y PolíticaFac. de Trabajo SocialTRUEpu
Datascape - An Infographic Study : The Data Trawl of a City
No full textTowns are often seen as an object, or at most a collection of objects, however this objectification of the town creates issues with the way we perceive it. Towns are contextual and ecological, they are not static, but sit in dynamic equilibrium with the forces that their hinterland, and more so globalisation, press onto them. Macclesfield is no different. This book provides a snapshot view, a single frame in the real life movie that is Macclesfield’s future and past. This frame shows a town in transition: at a crossroads. In its past, Macclesfield has continually engaged with global forces, that have at times threatened its very existence, and at other created a boom-time. This book aims to present the background and benchmark to that process. In collating a range of indicators (social, spatial and geographic), we provide the first steps in creating trajectories that create new futures for Macclesfield. Towns have always been a place for public debate, and this must continue if towns are to flourish in the new Century
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Urban Evolutionary Morphology : The Vestige City
No full textThe city is changing: no longer is it an aesthetic creation, nor purely an industrial powerhouse. It is becoming a living, breathing super-organism, with a myriad of multiple, competing functions enabling the city to dwell within its particular ecology. As a super-organism, the future city will be defined more by its metabolism, than purely its primary function or spatial form. These biospheric flows of energy and materials will drive the new city and create new synergies for living. This book develops the composition of the evolutionary and the city through architectural and landscape insertions in the Greengate area of Salford, Manchester UK. These designs will engage with the idea of the city as biotic and as a host for biota as well as humans. These new ‘natural’ landscapes will be resilient, through new biodiversity that not only provides a productive landscape, but also links and extends the city’s function and liveability. We have been wrong to force designs on the city: as a superorganism, the new city will be born, not made
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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