1,354,654 research outputs found
Nutrition Transition in Rural Tanzania and Kenya
No full textAll three types of malnutrition - underweight, overweight and micronutrient deficiency - are experienced in countries undergoing a nutrition transition, and they can occur in parallel in one community or even one household. To combat this triple burden of malnutrition, a combination of different strategies will be necessary, including a focus on food-based strategies that promote the consumption of a wide range of foods across nutritionally distinct food groups. In addition to a literature review, data from our own nutrition studies in both Tanzania and Kenya are presented in this paper. The literature review revealed an average of 10% of children in urban areas of Kenya and Tanzania with overweight and obesity, which is an alarming trend, and it is suggested that interventions need to start not only at school but also with adolescent girls and pregnant women to target the '1,000day window'. From own study data, dietary patterns were generated that included a 'purchase' pattern dominated by bought and processed foods, indicating a possible nutrition transition even in the rural areas of both countries. Vegetable and especially fruit consumption was low in both countries. In addition, in Kenya, study participants exceeded the suggested maximum level of sugar consumption per day, which will most likely contribute to increasing levels in overweight and obesity prevalence and other noncommunicable diseases in general. As sugar was mainly consumed in combination with black tea, next to eating habits, changing drinking habits is also an important part of the nutrition transition and needs to receive more attention. A 'healthy eating at school and at home strategy' is suggested, which needs the support of both schools and parents/caregivers. In general, to take countermeasures against the negative trends of nutrition transition, joint efforts from all players in the field - not only those in nutrition, health and medicine, but also those in education and agriculture - will be essential. (C) 2016 S. Karger AG, Base
Medical Illustrations of Human Anatomy
No full textArtistic interpretations of the human anatomy were composed by Logan Keding, a student of biomedical sciences at The University of Wisconsin La Crosse. Illustrations were completed over a one month period, implementing various types of media/styles. Mentoring Keding was UWL Human Anatomy Professor Kerrie Hoar and UWL Scientific Illustrator/Biology Professor Barrett Klein. Research was conducted using live models and live cadaver dissections (3 Male and 2 Female) in Cowley Hall Room 114
Geology and Geoheritage Assessment of Lata Keding, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
No full textLata Keding boasts numerous unique geological features encompassing diverse geological structures. The area is in the Jeli District of Kelantan and straddles the border of Kelantan and Perak. The topography ranges from a height of 480 meters to a low of 40 meters. This research was focused on the geoheritage value of Lata Keding and explored its potential for geotourism. The study area comprises five distinct rock units: hornfels, gneiss, schist, meta-alkali feldspar granite, and meta quartz-rich granitoid. Lata Keding's geoheritage value assessment revealed high aesthetic and recreational significance based on the qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The primary attraction of that area is its beautiful cascades and unique rock structures. Activities such as swimming, picnicking, and photography have gained popularity among visitors. Thus, it is important to protect and preserve Lata Keding to maintain its natural integrity, particularly in the face of potential rapid development
Geology and Geoheritage Assessment of Lata Keding, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
No full textLata Keding boasts numerous unique geological features encompassing diverse geological structures. The area is in the Jeli District of Kelantan and straddles the border of Kelantan and Perak. The topography ranges from a height of 480 meters to a low of 40 meters. This research was focused on the geoheritage value of Lata Keding and explored its potential for geotourism. The study area comprises five distinct rock units: hornfels, gneiss, schist, meta-alkali feldspar granite, and meta quartz-rich granitoid. Lata Keding's geoheritage value assessment revealed high aesthetic and recreational significance based on the qualitative and quantitative evaluation. The primary attraction of that area is its beautiful cascades and unique rock structures. Activities such as swimming, picnicking, and photography have gained popularity among visitors. Thus, it is important to protect and preserve Lata Keding to maintain its natural integrity, particularly in the face of potential rapid development
The assessment of tourist's awareness on the conservation of Lata Keding, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
No full textEnvironmental awareness has its importance in ensuring the conservation of a recreational forest. This includes making sure that the place stays clean and the landscape is well preserve. This study assessed the relationship between Lata Keding tourist's environmental knowledge, perception and awareness with their awareness on the conservation of the place. Questionnaire that consists of Part A for demographic profile and Part B for the variables (knowledge, perception and attitude) was constructed and distributed to the tourist of Lata Keding to be answered. The data collected from these questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS software. Analysis of the responses showed that there was a positive correlation between Lata Keding tourist's environmental knowledge, perception and awareness with their awareness on the conservation of the place. Based on these results, it was conclude that Lata Keding tourist's environmental knowledge, perception and awareness effect their awareness on the conservation of the place
Comparisons of water quality and heavy metals concentration between Lata Janggut and Lata Keding, Jeli, Kelantan
No full textWater quality becomes a concern issues because low water quality can affect to organisms and ecosystem Therefore, a study was conducted at two sites which are Lata Janggut and Lata Keding that being attraction to community at Jeli District. The main objective of this study was to determine water quality index and classification at the cascades, also to determine physical parameters which are pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and Electric Conductivity (EC) by using Multiparameter (YSI), while for chemical parameters are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (NH3N), and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by using HACH DR6000 UV-VIS Spectrophotometer, same goes to selected heavy metals; zinc, copper and iron. This research provides information about water quality data at Lata Janggut and Lata Keding, as a future reference for any agencies and community uses. 12 samples were collected from each of two points; flowing water and stagnant water area for two times sampling (July and August). Water Quality Index (WQI) of Lata Janggut was analyzed with 69.07 (Class III), and Lata Keding with 71.75 (Class III), according to the WQI value suggested by DOE of Malaysia. Therefore, Lata Janggut and Lata Keding was still in good conditions, but further monitoring is needed to avoid any environmental issues occur
A preliminary study on ichthyofaunal diversity of Lata Keding, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
No full textA preliminary study on the ichthyofaunal diversity of Lata Keding, Jeli in Kelantan, Malaysia was conducted from 19th March to 22nd April 2022. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and document the diversity of fish species (ichthyofauna) in the study area. Fish were collected along Lata Keding at seven sampling points using fishing nets, resulting in a total of 128 individuals belonging to nine species from four families being identified. The families represented were Cyprinidae, Bagridae, Botiidae and Channidae, with the Cyprinidae family comprising the majority of the catch at 91%. This was followed by Bagridae (4%), Botiidae (3%) and Channidae (2%). The nine identified species were Poropuntius normani, Mystacoleucus obtusirostris, Ceratogarra cambodgiensis, Rasbora
paviana, Osteochilus waandersii, Barbodes rhombeus, Channa limbata, Syncrossus beauforti and Batasio fluviatilis. This study showed that C. cambodgiensis (Siamese Stone
Lapping) was the dominant species at all seven sampling points. Furthermore, sampling point G achieved the highest Simpson index and Shannon Wiener index with 0.863 and
2.023, respectively. This study demonstrated that Lata Keding maintains a diverse population of fish, demonstrating favourable water quality and environmental conditions of the river
Cost-Effective Clinical Trial Design: Application of a Bayesian Sequential Stopping Rule to the ProFHER Pragmatic Trial
No full textWe investigate value-based clinical trial design by applying a Bayesian decisiontheoretic model of a sequential experiment to data from the ProFHER pragmatic trial. In the first applied analysis of its kind to use research cost data, we show that the model’s stopping policy would have stopped the trial early, saving about 5% of the research budget (approximately £73,000). A bootstrap analysis based on generating resampled paths from the trial data suggests that the trial’s expected sample size could have been reduced by approximately 40%, saving an expected 15% of the budget, with 93% of resampled paths making a decision consistent with the result of the trial itself. Results show how substantial benefits to trial cost stewardship may be achieved by accounting for research costs in defining the trial’s stopping policy and active monitoring of trial data as it accumulates
Water quality monitoring at Lata Janggut, Lata Keding and Lata. Turbo
No full textThis study aims to identify the water quality of Lata Janggut, Lata Keding and Lata Turbo which this area are used for recreational purposes in creating a healthy recreational water area. The significance of this study is to ensure the water body of Lata Janggut, Lata Turbo and Lata Keding is able to support recreational activity. Water qualities in this 3 study area were determined by using the guideline and parameters provided by the Department of Environment. Water monitoring of the three study area are conducted on July, August, September and November with a total of 3 point selected at random in each study area. The parameters assessed are divided into two which is in-situ parameters and ex-situ parameters. The in-situ parameters analysed in this study is the water pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solid and turbidity while the ex-situ parameters analysed are biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN). The in-situ and ex-situ parameters analysed are physical parameters and chemical parameters of water. On the final month of water monitoring, it was found that water quality of Lata Turbo was 81.04 (class 2), Lata Keding was 71.58 (class 3) and Lata Janggut was 76.75 (class 2). Overall, the water quality in all three study areas can be classified as class II that the can be used for recreational activity and are safe to be used for recreational and other purposes with conventional treatment
Dietary Patterns as Characterized by Food Processing Levels and Their Association with the Health Outcomes of Rural Women in East Africa
No full textOverweight and obesity are rapidly rising in Sub-Saharan Africa including in rural areas. However, most studies focus on urban centers, and have attributed this epidemic to the consumption of processed foods without their clear characterization. This study investigated food intake patterns defined by food processing levels and their association with overweight/obesity in rural areas. Four 24-h dietary recalls, anthropometric measurements, and socio-demographic characteristics were collected from 1152 women in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. The PCA method was used to extract patterns characterized by food processing levels. The association between patterns and overweight/obesity was ascertained with regression models. The overweight/obesity rate was 47%, 42%, 26%, and 38% in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and East Africa (as pooled data), respectively. Several patterns were identified, yet a “plant-based pattern” largely characterized by unprocessed and minimally processed foods and a “purchase pattern” mainly distinguished by highly processed foods were dominant. The “plant-based pattern” was inversely or not associated with overweight/obesity, while the “purchase pattern” had a positive association or no association. A clear distinction on processed foods as healthy and unhealthy should be made based on their nutrient provision to avoid their mischaracterization as unhealthy. Policies to reverse consumption of unhealthy processed foods while promoting healthy ones should be pursued
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