11 research outputs found
Assessment of animal health and production constraints: The case of three districts
No full textBACKGROUND: Animal production is an important tool for improving the living standard of humans and is the backbone of Ethiopia's agricultural development. The country is known for its high livestock potential, but it is not well exploited due to various hindering factors. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to assess the key issues related to animal health and production. METHODS: The evaluation was carried out in three purposively selected districts of East Wollega zone, namely Gidda Ayana, Sibu Sire and Jimma Arjo by using well‐designed and structured questionnaire surveys. RESULT: During the study period, 200, 145 and 165 respondents were sampled from the animal owners in the districts of Gidda Ayana, Sibu Sire and Jimma Arjo, respectively. Of these, about 97.89%, 95.68% and 94.9% practice extensive management in Gidda Ayana, Jimma Arjo and Sibu Sire, respectively. The majority of respondents in Gidda Ayana (98.1%), Jimma Arjo (97.21%) and Sibu Sire (98.9%) use natural pastures. For cattle breeding, uncontrolled natural mating is used in Gidda Ayana (90.79%), Jimma Arjo (86.3%) and Sibu Sire (95.69%). The major constraints of animal health and production were also assessed. Accordingly, a lack of access to adequate animal production and health expert in Gidda Ayana (27.33%), Jimma Arjo (29.36%) and Sibu Sire (31.59%) was recorded, whereas the lack of sustainable and structured modern livestock market was observed in Gidda Ayana (25.94%), Jimma Arjo (21.31%) and Sibu Sire (19.80%). CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Livestock need improved animal health, management systems and breeding methods. The study revealed key issues related to animal health and production, such as poor management systems and breeding methods, limited coverage of veterinary services and a modern livestock market. Thus, it is indispensable to increase the coverage of veterinary services, animal extension services and alternative sources of animal feed
Assessment of Reproductive Performance and Husbandry Practices of Horro and Crossbred Cattle Under Smallholder in Sibu Sire District of East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
No full textABSTRACT Purpose The reproductive and production performance of dairy cows determines the profitability of a dairy farm. Method A questionnaire survey was used to assess reproductive performance and husbandry practices by using 100 randomly selected animal owners. Result Seventy‐nine percent of animal owners involved were men, ages between 30 and 60. Their education was as follows: 26% were illiterate, 67% in primary school and 7% in secondary school. Ninety‐five percent of them managed their animals extensively and used natural mating and breeding practices (75%). AFS in months were 46.83 ± 0.65 in Ada‐Buke Warego, 46.00 ± 1.36 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 47.08 ± 0.99 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 47.29 ± 0.51 in Waligalte. AFC in months were 56.68 ± 0.97 in Ada‐Buke Warego, 58.00 ± 1.36 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 57.23 ± 1.41 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 56.24 ± 1.13 in Waligalte. ANSPCs were 1.85 ± 0.08 in Ada‐Buke Warego, 1.67 ± 0.14 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 1.54 ± 0.14 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 2.00 ± 0.10 in Waligalte. The mean length of CI in months was 30.88 ± 0.90 in Ada Buke Warego, 29.00 ± 1.68 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 28.62 ± 1.62 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 31.06 ± 1.04 in Waligalte. The average year of longevity was 9.22 ± 0.7 in Ada‐Buke Warego, 9.08 ± 0.8 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 9.31 ± 0.13 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 9.21 ± 0.8 in Waligalte, but there is no significant association (p ≥ 0.05). AFC in months was 48.00 ± 0.00 in local and 37.20 ± 1.30 in crossbreeds. ANSPC was 1.92 ± 0.06 in locals and 1.10 ± 0.10 in hybrids. AFC for Horro and crossbred dairy cattle were 57.73 ± 0.59 and 48.00 ± 0.00 months, respectively. The mean length of CI was 30.53 ± 0.67 and 29.40 ± 1.99 months in natives and crossbreeds, respectively. The average year of longevity was 9.22 ± 0.05 and 9.10 ± 0.10 years for local and hybrids, respectively. ANSPC for natural mating and AI were 1.92 ± 0.05 and 1.10 ± 0.10, respectively, with significant association (p < 0.05). Conclusion The reproductive performance of dairy cows in the study area was low, which required the improvement of husbandry practices
Prevalence of bovine of schistosomosis in and around Nekemte, East Wollega zone, Western Ethiopia
No full textSeroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Animal Owners’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Towards the Disease in Selected Districts of East Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
No full textABSTRACT Purpose Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is one of the most important diseases affecting production and productivity. Methodology Cross‐sectional study was aimed at to determine the seroprevalence of IBR and associated risk factors, and animal owners’ knowledge, attitude and practice towards the disease from April 2021 to June 2022. Accordingly, a total of 384 serum samples were collected from both crossbreed (70) and local breed (314) cattle from purposively selected districts of East Wollega zone of Western Ethiopia. Competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for testing glycoprotein antibodies (anti‐gB) for bovine herpes virus‐1 (BoHV‐1) virus in collected serum, and the obtained data were analysed by multiple logistic regressions by using R software 3.62 version. However, questionnaire data were analysed for descriptive statistics by SPSS version 20.0 (IBM. Corp, 2011). Result The total prevalence of IBR in the study area was found to be 70.54% at herd and 80.47% at individual cattle level. The significant association (p <0.05) was found for breed, age, body condition and herd size but not for district and sex as risk factors. The BoHV‐1 virus seropositivity in adult animals increased significantly, with an odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI 0.705–3.85) compared to young. Local breed cattle were 2.055 times more likely to test positive for IBR with an odds ratio of 0.77 (95% CI 0.23–2.22) compared to crossbreed cattle. The chances of cattle in medium herds testing positive for the BoHV‐1 virus with an odds ratio of (1.78 95% CI 1.303–7.50) are greater than the chances of cattle in smaller herds testing positive. The survey results showed that 70% of animal owners identified IBR as a major challenge in animal production, whereas 35% mentioned long calving intervals. However, 92% of the participants were not informed about the level of knowledge and attitude regarding particular diseases such as IBR. Conclusion This study showed that there is a high prevalence of IBR in cattle in the study area, and that owners have low awareness of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an immediate control system and conduct additional research on molecular detection to evaluate its effects on reproductive performance
Prevalence and Identification of Bovine Ixodid Ticks in Horo Guduru Animal Breeding and Research Center, Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia
No full textPrevalence and associated factors of severity levels of anemia among women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel ordinal logistic regression analysis
Get PDFBackgroundSub-Saharan Africa is the most anemia-prone region, with several of the sub-region’s countries having a substantial prevalence of the anemia among women of reproductive age. Nonetheless, no adequate study has been conducted to illustrate severity levels and associated factors of anemia among women of reproductive age. Therefore, this study presents the most recent estimates on the prevalence and severity levels of anemia and its associated factors among women of reproductive age in 21 Sub-Saharan Africa countries.MethodsThis study used the most recent Demographic Health Survey (DHS) datasets, which were collected in 21 sub-Saharan African countries between 2015 and 2022. A total of 171,348 women of reproductive age were included in the analysis. Multilevel (three-level) ordinal logistic regression was done to identify factors associated with severity levels of anemia.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of anemia was 41.74%. The pooled prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was 23.45, 17.05 and 1.24, respectively. Women who were living at distance to a health facility (AOR = 1.07), women living in the poorest households (AOR = 1.49), women living in the households with unimproved toilet (AOR = 1.12) and in households that were using solid cooking fuel (AOR = 1.10), pregnant women (AOR = 1.72) and those who have given birth to more than one children within 3 years (AOR = 1.43) had greater odds of higher levels of anemia as compared to their counterparts. Women who were in the age groups of 20–24 (AOR = 0.81), 25–29 (AOR = 0.78), 30–34 (AOR = 0.79), 35–39 (AOR = 0.88), and 45–49 (AOR = 0.89), women who have attended primary school (AOR = 0.50), secondary (AOR = 0.57) and higher education (AOR = 0.76) and who were living in rural area (AOR = 1.07) had lower odds of higher levels of anemia as compared to their counterparts.ConclusionConsidering individual, household and community contexts is necessary while formulating and implementing anemia prevention and control policies. Adolescent women, and women who did not attend education and at a distance to a health facility should get especial attention while implementing anemia prevention and control programs
Retrospective Study on Prevalence of Diarrheal Disease among Children Under Five Years Visiting in Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohammed Memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 2020-August 2022, Hossana, Central, Ethiopia
Get PDFDiarrhea is a disease having loose or watery stools at least three times per days or more than three per day from different types of acute diarrhea cases can lead significant fluid loose dehydration which is causes of death. It is one of the major leading causes of under-five morbidity, mortality and under nutrition in developing countries. In Ethiopia diarrhea is the most killer of children and serious public health problems. The main objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diarrheal disease among less than five year. The study specifically aimed to determine the prevalence of diarrheal disease among less than five year’s children, to estimate the prevalence of diarrheal disease among child patient who visited Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohammed memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital during the last three years (2020-2022) and to give educational awareness for the maternal of affect area and prevention control. The method used in this study was retrospective study. Under this study male and female children were classified by sex and year of the study from 2020-2022 respectively. In this study data on diarrheal disease infected children were collected from Health Management Information Service office in Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohamed memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. This estimated 288 of the case among children under-five years of age in Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohamed memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. As assessed the prevalence of diarrhea disease among under five years children in Hossana Nigist Elleni Mohammed memorial Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, diarrheal prevalence variable from season to season because of water pollution by different microorganism. Prevalence of diarrheal disease within three years least/less 601 (21%) of patient of diarrhea were recorded in 2020, highest case number in 2021 case which involved 1237 (43%) and with 1029 (36%) cased in 2022 respectively were recorded. This disease can also estimate by the sex ration, most of the time males could be affected by diarrheal disease. Because most of the time males have susceptible immune system as the study indicated. Further study on immune system of both sexes could be suggested
Review on the Relationship of Climate Change and Prevalence of Animal Diseases
No full textClimate change is a subset of the larger set of ecosystem change that is promoting the emergence and re emergence of animal diseases. It affects livestock health through several pathways. These includes effects on pathogens, such as higher temperatures affecting the rate of development of pathogens or parasites; effects on hosts, such as shifts in disease distribution that may affect susceptible animal populations; effects on vectors, such as changes in rainfall and temperature regimes that can affect both the distribution and the abundance of disease vectors; and effects on epidemiology, like altered transmission rates between hosts, food safety and animal production. Furthermore, Climate change influences the emergence and proliferation of disease hosts or vectors and pathogens and their breeding, development and disease transmission. Consequently, it affects distributions, host–parasite relationships and its assemblages to new areas. Indirectly the climate change can affect quantity and quality of fodder crops, animal production, severity and distribution of diseases in both domestic and wild animal that result in their migrations. Most developing countries are highly vulnerable to this climatic impact. From this developing countries Ethiopia is the one that faces recurrent drought due to climate change in its different parts that ends in economic crises. Even though this climatic change causes different economic impacts in the country, a few researches were conducted on it. Now climate models suggest that Ethiopia will see a further warming of between 0.7°C and 2.3°C by the 2020s and between 1.4°C and 2.9°C by the 2050s. So that, it is important to create awareness for the society how climatic change can occurred and result in prevalence of infectious animal disease that end up with economic crises of the country
