1,721,071 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Enzyme cytochemical studies on the human acrosomal enzymes
No full textSperm enzimleri, özellikle de akrozomal enzimler, fertilizasyonda oynadıkları roller nedeniyle erkek üreme fizyolojisinde çok büyük öneme sahiptir. Bununla birlikte, sperm enzimlerinin sitokimyası ve bu enzimlerin erkek üreme bozukluklarıyla ilişkisi hakkında yeterli bilgi bulunmamaktadır. Sunulan bu araştırma projesinde; sigara içmeyen-varikoselsiz, sigara içmeyen-varikoselli, sigara içmeyen-varikosel ameliyatlı, sigara içen-varikoselsiz ve sigara içen-varikosel ameliyatlı olan cinsel bakımdan olgun erkeklerden alınan semen örneklerinde, sperm enzimlerinden olan ANAE, ACP-az ve ALP-az enzimleri sitokimyasal yöntemlerle demonstre edilerek, gruplar arasındaki enzimatik pozitivite farkları belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada materyal olarak, Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Tüp Bebek Ünitesi Androloji Laboratuvarı'na başvuran 21-45 yaş aralığındaki sigara içen veya içmeyen, diyabet, hipertansiyon ve romatizma gibi kronik rahatsızlığı olmayan, varikoselli ya da varikosel operasyonu geçirmiş, ciddi ürolojik enfeksiyon ve inmemiş testis tıbbi hikayesi olmayan toplam 42 erkekten alınan semen örneğinden hazırlanan frotiler kullanılmıştır. Semen örneklerinin yıkanmasında PBS solüsyonu kullanılmıştır. Santrifüj tüpüne taze semen örneğinden 1 ml alınıp üzerine 9 ml PBS eklenerek 800 G'de oda sıcaklığında (22℃) 8 dakika santrifüje edilmiştir. Üst kısım atılmış, dipteki sperm pelletinin üzerine 10 ml'ye tamamlayacak şekilde tekrar PBS eklenerek 800 G'de oda sıcaklığında 8 dakika santrifüje edilmiştir. Üst kısım atılmış ve alttaki sperm peletinden hazırlanan yayma preparatlar havada kurutularak enzim sitokimyasal işlemlerde kullanılmıştır. Oda sıcaklığında kurutulan frotiler enzimin demonstre edileceği tespit sıvısında -10°C'de uygun sürelerle tespit edilerek, bu frotilerde her enzim uygun sitokimyasal metotla demonstre edilmiştir. Hazırlanan preparatlar ışık mikroskobuyla (Nikon Eclipse E100) incelenmiş ve gerekli görülen sahaların dijital görüntüleri kaydedilmiştir. Bir enzimin spesifik reaksiyon ürününe sahip olan bir sperm o enzim bakımından pozitif olarak kabul edilmiştir. Her enzim için pozitivite oranları belirlenmiş ve yüzde (%) olarak ifade edilmiştir. Değerlendirmede, reaksiyon ürününün dağılım şekli (iri lokalize granüler, ince granüler ya da diffüz), hücredeki yerleşimi ve sayısı dikkate alınmıştır. ANAE reaksiyonu, çoğunlukla spermlerin baş bölgesinde ve boyun-orta parçasında yerleşen kırmızımsı-kahverengi renkli ve lokalize granüler ya da ince granüler tarzda gözlenmiştir. Bazı hücrelerde bu reaksiyon akrozomun ön tarafında dar bir bant halinde gözlenmiştir. ACP-az enzimi reaksiyonu spermlerin baş bölgesinde ve boyun-orta parçasında yerleşen iri granüler, ince granüler ya da diffüz karakterde, kırmızımsı-kahverengi renkli reaksiyon ürünü halinde gözlenmiştir. ALP-az enzimi reaksiyonu ise spermlerin baş bölgesinde ve boyun-orta parçasında yerleşen iri granüler ya da ince granüler karakterde, pembemsi-kırmızı renkli reaksiyon ürünü halinde gözlenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın enzim sitokimyasal inceleme sonuçları, sigara içmenin ve varikoselin sperm ANAE, ACP-az ve ALP-az pozitivitelerinde belirgin düşüşlere yol açtığını; varikosel ameliyatının, bu enzimlerin pozitivitelerinde belirgin bir iyileşme sağlamakla birlikte, sigara içmenin devam etmesinin ameliyatın olumlu etkisinde belirgin azalmayla sonuçlandığını ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada az sayıda örnek üzerinde çalışılmış olmakla birlikte, spermin ANAE, ACP-az ve ALP-az pozitivitelerinin insanlarda semen kalitesinin değerlendirilmesinde yardımcı bir parametre olarak dikkate alınabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.Sperm enzymes, specifically acromal enzymes have enormous importance in the male reproductive physiology because that they play vital roles in fertilization. However, there is not sufficent information about the cytochemistry of sperm enzymes and their relationship with male reproductive disorders. In the present study; ANAE, ACP-ase and ALP-ase were cytochemically demonstrated in the smears prepared from semen samples of sexually mature men, who were non-smoker-without varicocele (healthy), non-smoker-varicocele diseased, non-smoker-varicocele operated, smoker-without varicocele and smoker-varicocele operated, and the differences between enzymatic positivity values of the groups were determined. The semen smears were used as material which were prepared form the semen samples obtained from sexually mature men aged between 21-45, either smokers or non-smokers, varicocele diseased or varicocele operated, who applied to Andrology Laboratory of In Vitro Fertilization Unit in Selcuk University Medical Faculty Hospital. The semen samples were washed with a PBS solution. Onto 1 ml of semen sample, 9 ml of the PBS solution was added and centrifuged at 800 G'de for 8 minutes at room temperature (22℃). Supernatant was discarged, sperm pellet was diluted to 10 ml with the solution given above and centrifuged at 800 G'de for 8 minutes at room temperature (22°C). The supernatant was discarged again and smears were prepared from the sperm pellet. The smears were air dried and used in enzyme cytochemistry. The dried smears were fixed in special fixatives for each enzyme for sufficent periods at -10°C. Enzymes were demonstrated by means of enzyme-specific cytochemical reactions for each enzyme. Preparations were investigated under light microscope (Nikon Eclipse E100) and digital images of selected areas were recorded. A sperm with specific enzymatic reaction product was evaluated as "positive" in terms of the enzyme regarded. Positivity rates of each enzyme were determined and and expressed as % of the counted sperms. In the evaluation of the enzyme positivity, location, distribution pattern (large-localised granular, fine-granular or diffuse) and number of the reaction product were taken into consideration. ANAE positivity reaction products were observed as reddish-brown localised granular or fine granular pattern, mainly located in the head region of the sperm. In some of the cells, reaction product was seen as a narrow band located at front acrosomal membrane. ACP-ase reaction was observed in reddish-brown color as large granular, fine granular or diffuse pattern in the head region and head-midpiece of the sperm. ALP-ase reaction product displayed pale pinkish-red coloured large granular or fine granular pattern located in the head and head-midpeice connection of the sperm. Results of the enzyme cytochemical investigations of the present study have revealed that smoking and varicocele cuased definite reductions in ANAE, ACP-ase and ALP-ase positivities. Varicocele operation significantly recovered the enzyme positivity values. Nevertheless, keeping the smoking decreased recovery effects on the enzymatic positivities of the varicocele operation. Although sample population of the present study has limited number, it was concluded that sperm ANAE, ACP-ase and ALP-ase positivity values could be used as an additional parameter in the evaluation of the male semen quality
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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