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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Gestasyonel Diyabetli Gebe Plasentalarında Aqp8 ve Aqp9 Dağılımlarının İncelenmesi
No full textDuring pregnancy, fetal water requirements increase markedly due to the exponential growth of fetus. Physiological data indicate that both a transcellular and a paracellular pathway are available for water transport across the human placenta. Transcellular water flux may be facililated by aquaporins (AQPs), a family of small integral membrane proteins. Aquaporins transport either water alone or water and small solutes such as gliserol.
In mammals, there are at least 13 AQPs, which show a wide range distribution in organs that are actively involved in water transport. AQP9 is a member of aquaglyseroporin subfamily of AQPs and share the highest amino acid sequence homology with AQP3, AQP7 and AQP10. In addition to water, AQP9 transports small uncharged molecules like glycerol, urea, purines and pyrimidines.
It is generally accepted that in addition to stimulating glucose transport, binding of insulin to cell surface receptors alters the expression of numerous genes in a variety of tissues. In placental trophoblastic cells, insulin has no stimulatory effect on glucose uptake or glycogen synthesis, but it is involved in the synthesis of human placental lactogen (hPL) and hCG and the regulation of 3ß-hydroxysteroid dehidrogenase.
In literature, the relationship of AQP9 and insulin has been investigated. It has been reported that insulin decreased the molecular expression of AQP9 exclusively in explant from normal placentas in a concentration-dependent manner. TNF-alfa is an antiinflamatory cytokine. It is one of the reason of insulin resistance in the pregnancy. Treatment with TNF-alfa previous to insulin addition in normal placental explants, prevent the changes in AQP9 expression.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy releated metabolic disorder and it is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance. GDM is the most common metabolic disorder in the pregnancy. Pathology in the GDM can occurs because of different etiological reasons which cause the deficiency or peripheric resistance of insulin.
The objective of this study is to evaluate the expression of AQP8 and AQP9 in placentas with GDM. Samples from normal and gestational diabetic placentas which is regulated with diet or insulin were studied by immunohistochemical staining. Specific anti- AQP8 and anti-AQP9 antibody was used for cellular localization of the molecules.
In comparison to the other groups, AQP8 expression of mesenchymal cells in villi and Hofbauer cells were significantly decreased in the insulin regulated GDM group. In diet regulated GDM group, fetal capillary endothelial cells; there was a significant descrease in the AQP8 expression compared with the other groups. AQP9 expression of mesenchymal cells in villi in control group was lower in comparison to the other groups.
In syncytiotrophoblast cell layer, AQP8 and AQP9 immunoreactivitiy shows similar expression patterns when we compared the groups with each other. Our results support the data that ‘insulin descreased the molecular expression of AQP9 in placental explants’ .Gebelik boyunca fetusun büyümesiyle fetal su ihtiyacı belirgin olarak artar. Fizyolojik veriler suyun plasentadan geçişi için hem transsellüler hem de parasellüler yolun mümkün olduğunu belirtmektedir. Transsellüler yolun küçük integral membran proteinleri olan akuaporinler (AQP) aracılığıyla gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir. Bu proteinler hem suya hem de gliserol gibi küçük eriyiklere geçirgen olabilirler.
Memeli dokusunda, organlarda geniş bir dağılım aralığı gösteren ve su transportunda aktif olarak rol oynayan 13 tane AQP bulunmuştur. AQP9 aquagliseroporin alt ailesinin bir üyesidir ve AQP3-7-8-10 ile en yüksek aminoasit sekansı homolojisini göstermektedir ve su geçirgenliğinin yanında gliserol, üre, pürin ve pirimidin gibi yüklü olmayan küçük moleküllere de geçirgendir.
İnsülin hormonunun, glukoz transportunu stimüle etmek dışında hücre yüzeyine bağlandığında birçok genin ekspresyonunu değiştirdiği bilinmektedir. Plasenta ve trofoblastik dokularda insülinin hücrelere glukoz alımını ya da glikojen sentezini stimüle etmek gibi bir etkisi yoktur. Buna karşılık insülinin plasentada hPL (human plasental lactogen) ve HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) hormonlarının sentezini arttırdığı ve 3ß-OH steroid dehidrogenaz enzim regülasyonunda görev aldığı bilinmektedir
Akuaporin-insülin ilişkisi de araştırılmış, insülinin normal plasental eksplant kültürlerinde AQP9 ekspresyonunu azalttığı, ancak insulin rezistansı oluşturduğu bilinen bir molekül olan TNF-alfa uygulanmasından sonra bu etkinin ortadan kalktığı bildirilmiştir.
Gestasyonel Diyabetes Mellitus, Gebelikte ortaya çıkan ya da gebelikte fark edilen glukoz toleransının bozulması olarak tanımlanmıştır. Gebelikte en sık görülen metabolik bozukluktur. Hastalıkta patoloji; farklı etyolojik sebeplerden dolayı insülin hormonunun eksikliği ya da periferik rezistansından dolayı meydana gelir. Bu çalışma, AQP8 ve AQP9 ‘un GDM’li plasentalardaki immunohistokimyasal dağılımını incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirildi.
Çalışmada; normal, insülinle regüle GDM’li ve diyetle regüle GDM’li hastalardan gruplar oluşturuldu ve villus yapısında bulunan hücreler AQP8 ve AQP9 ekspresyonu yönünden incelendi. Çalışmada toplanan doku örnekleri 38.-40. Gebelik haftasında doğum yapan bireylerden elde edildi.
Insulinle regüle GDM grubunun Hofbauer hücrelerinde ve villus içi bağ dokusu hücrelerinde AQP8 immunoreaktivitesi diğer gruplara gore daha zayıftı. Fetal kapiller endotel hücreleri ise diyetle regüle GDM grubunda daha zayıf bir immünoreaktiviteye sahipti. Kontrol grubunda AQP9 ekspresyonu villus içi bağ dokusu hücrelerinde diğer gruplara gore daha zayıftı. Sinsityotrofoblast hücreleri ise tüm gruplarda AQP8 ve AQP9 ekspresyonu açısından benzer özellikteydiler.
Çalışmamızda diyetle regüle ya da insulinle regüle GDM hastalarının sinsityotrofoblast tabakasında AQP8 ve AQP9 ekspresyonu, kontrol gruplarından farklı bir dağılım göstermemiştir. İnsulinin sinsityotrofoblast hücre tabakasında AQP9 ekspresyonunu azalttığı bilgisi göz önüne alındığında, çalışmamızda kullandığımız gestasyonel diyabeti olan ve kan glukoz seviyeleri diyetle ya da insülinle regüle edilmiş dolayısıyla insülin rezistansının da kırılmış olduğu kabul edilen hastalarda AQP’lerin immünohistokimyasal ifadelerinin kontrol grubuyla benzer özellik göstermesi beklenmelidir ki sonuçlarımız da bu yöndedir
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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