1,720,982 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The Effects of Women’s Empowerment Messages on Perceptions of Women’s Role in Gender Inequality
No full textAlthough women’s underrepresentation in senior level positions in the workplace has multiple causes, women’s self-improvement or “empowerment” at work has recently attracted cultural attention as a solution. For example, the bestselling book “Lean In” states that women can tackle gender inequality themselves by overcoming the “internal barriers” (e.g., lack of confidence and ambition) that prevent success. I sought to explore the consequences of this type of women’s empowerment ideology. Study 1 found that perceptions of women’s ability to solve inequality were associated with attributions of women’s responsibility to do so. Studies 2, 3, and 5 experimentally manipulated exposure to women’s empowerment messages, finding that while such messages increase perceptions that women are empowered to solve workplace gender inequality, they also lead to attributions that women are more responsible both for creating and solving the problem. Study 4 found a similar pattern in the context of a specific workplace problem, and found that such messages also lead to a preference for interventions focused on changing women rather than changing the system. Study 5 documents the weakened effects of messages that explicitly explain that women’s “internal barriers” are the products of “external barriers” obstructing women’s progress. Study 6 found that women’s empowerment messages are not successful in helping women feel empowered, but rather make them feel more responsible for causing workplace gender inequality. Studies 7a and 7b suggest that these negative consequences go beyond women’s empowerment and also apply to empowerment of African Americans in the context of racial inequality. In sum, these findings suggest that self-improvement messages intended to empower women to take charge of gender inequality may also yield potentially harmful societal beliefs, and that the processes demonstrated with women’s empowerment messages may apply to other disadvantaged groups like African Americans.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Use of Neuroscience for Mitigation During Sentencing in Non-Capital Cases
No full textNeuroscience is increasingly used during sentencing in criminal courtrooms to mitigate punishment. However, neuroscience is not presented in a vacuum—it is generally used to describe a defendant’s neuropsychological state in the context of other mitigating circumstances. It is important to explore how decision-makers reason about neuroscience information in the courtrooms given the consequences of sentencing decisions. The present studies examine how neuroscience information presented across different mitigating contexts impacts legally relevant perceptions, including judgments of control over behavior and punishment decisions. Study 1 uses qualitative methods to explore how judges and lawyers use and reason about neuroscience information in the courts. Study 2 investigates whether neuroscience information, when paired with potentially mitigating circumstances about a defendant, differentially impacts legally relevant judgments. Study 3 assesses how the mitigating context in which neuroscience information is introduced differentially impacts causal attributions about a defendant’s behaviors. These studies offer novel insights about the use of neuroscience in the courtroom and demonstrate that the context in which this information is presented matters for the formation of legally relevant judgments.</p
The Perceived Association Between Agentic Traits and Creativity: Implications for Gender Bias and Creativity Evaluation
No full textAcross nine studies, this dissertation examines whether creativity is perceived to be associated with agentic traits and explores the implications of this perceived association for gender bias and creativity evaluation. Specifically, I test whether the propensity to think creatively tends to be associated with independence and self-direction, qualities generally ascribed to men—leading to men often appearing to be more creative than women. I find that creativity tends to be popularly conceived of as involving “outside the box” divergent thinking (Pre-test) and “outside the box” creativity is more strongly associated with stereotypically masculine characteristics (i.e., daring, self-reliant) than stereotypically feminine characteristics (i.e., cooperative, supportive; Study 1). Archival evidence suggests that men’s ideas are evaluated as more ingenious than women’s ideas (Study 2). In experiments I show that a man is ascribed more creativity than a woman when both produce identical output (Study 3a and Study 3b). I also demonstrate that stereotypically masculine behavior enhances a man’s perceived creativity, while identical behavior does not enhance a woman’s perceived creativity. This boost in perceived creativity is mediated by attributions of agency, not competence, and predicts reward deservingness (Study 4). Finally, I find that the perceived agency of a target specifically predicts perceptions of his product’s novelty, not usefulness (Study 5) and that independence-based agency is perceived to be more strongly associated with creative thinking than dominance-based agency (Study 6a and Study 6b). These findings suggest that judgments of how agentic a person is (i.e., independent, self-reliant) may influence evaluations of that person’s creativity and that a gendered lay theory of creativity may be a factor hindering the achievement of gender equality in the workforce.</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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