1,721,059 research outputs found
Related Data for: Exploring the dimensions of movement-specific reinvestment from personal characteristics perspectives
No full textThe purposes of the present study were three-fold: to examine (a) if the movement-specific reinvestment responses should be represented as two dimensional constructs, (b) whether dichotomization of the movement-specific reinvestment responses are appropriate, and (c) how the two dimensions are associated with relevant psychological concepts. To conduct a comparative examination of the MSRS structure in two Asian samples, participants were 236 Japanese university students (136 men, 100 women; Mage = 18.0, SD = 1.6) and 328 Singaporeans (167 men, 161 women; Mage = 21.8, SD = 1.8). After examining the factor structure of the movement-specific reinvestment responses for the first purpose, latent class factor analysis was conducted for both samples for the second purpose. For the third purpose, correlation analysis and mediation analysis were conducted for a part of the Singaporean sample. Through a series of latent class factor analysis, four and three classes were identified for the Japanese and Singaporean samples, respectively. For both samples, the patterns of the item-average scores for the two movement-specific reinvestment dimensions were parallel among the classes. Conscious Motor Processing was positively associated with mental toughness, intrinsic regulation, integrated regulation, mastery-approach and task goal orientations, and dispositional flow, whereas Movement Self-Consciousness was positively related with stress and mastery-avoidance goal orientation. The findings of the study supported (a) the two-dimensional representation of the movement-specific reinvestment responses, but did not fully support (b) the practice of dichotomization of the movement-specific reinvestment responses, and indicated that (c) at the trait level, Conscious Motor Processing and Movement Self-Consciousness were associated with positive and negative psychological constructs, respectively
Related Data for: Does time fly when you engage more? Effort intensity moderates the relationship between affect and time perception
No full textThe present study examined the hypothesis that effort intensity moderates the relationship between affect and time perception by employing more academic-related tasks and conditions. Two experiments were conducted to address the question. In Experiment 1, 139 adults (68 women; Mage = 23.7, SD = 3.2) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions (2 [time estimation paradigm] × 3 [task nature]) and worked on a computerized task for 6 minutes. In Experiment 2, 73 participants (35 women; Mage = 26.1, SD = 4.3) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (2 ([time estimation paradigm] × 2 [task nature]) and completed both tasks for 6 minutes. Multiple moderator models were used to analyze multiple factors simultaneously in the data analysis for each experiment. Across two experiments, multiple moderator models revealed that a) enjoyment of the task was essential to perceive time passing faster regardless of different tasks and the effort level and b) the relationship between task enjoyment and the perceived speed of time was moderated by perceived effort. The findings of the study indicate that task nature and the effort level should be considered simultaneously to understand the relationship between task enjoyment and time perception in the ecologically valid situation
Related Data for: A multiple mediation analysis of the association between asynchronous use of music and running performance
No full textThe purpose of this study was to examine if the effects of asynchronous use of music on running performance are directly and/or indirectly carried through psychological, psychophysical, and psychophysiological benefits. Following a standardized music selection procedure, 20 healthy undergraduate students (10 males, 10 females) completed a 30-min treadmill run at perceived moderate intensity while listening to music (135–140 beats per minute) or under a no-music condition in a randomized order. Participants’ affective valence, arousal, perceived exertion, heart rate during the run, and running distance were measured in both trials. A mediation analysis was conducted for 40 data collected from the 20 participants under two conditions (no music; music) with a parallel mediation model in which affective valence, arousal, heart rate, and perceived exertion were specified as mediators. A significant indirect effect of affective valence was observed for running distance. The present finding supports the notion that the relationship between asynchronous use of music and running distance is mediated by psychological benefits
Related Data for: Weekday breakfast habits and mood at the start of the school morning
No full textBackground
Good nutrition, regular physical activity, and adequate sleep are important for promoting health. However, it is not well characterized how these lifestyle behaviours are associated with mood at the start of school days.
Aim
To identify the weekday health-related behaviours (breakfast intake, physical activity, and sleep) of Singaporean adolescents and explore their associations with mood at the beginning of the school morning.
Methods
365 adolescents (52.3% boys, 47.7% girls) aged 14–19 years (M = 16.9, SD = 1.3 years) completed a survey set on breakfast habits, physical activity participation, sleep duration, and mood.
Results
More than one-third (38.6%) of participants never (15.0%) or irregularly (23.6%) consumed breakfast on weekdays. Adolescents consuming breakfast irregularly reported significantly higher negative mood scores than regular breakfast consumers (p = .002; d = .404). Almost two-thirds (64.1%) of adolescents did
Conclusion
The present study suggests that eating breakfast on a regular basis and completing for ≥60 min of weekday MVPA are useful behaviours to start school days in a better mood. Parents and health educators should recognise the importance of establishing these habits and support students by instigating practical approaches so they can achieve a regular breakfast intake and physical activity engagement.</p
Related Data for: Acute effects of Square Stepping Exercise on cognitive and social functions in sedentary young adults: A home-based online trial
No full textBackground: The Square Stepping Exercise (SSE) is an exercise training program incorporating cognitive and physical exercise components, which was originally developed for older adults to reduce falling risks. SSE’s potential in delaying cognitive decline in older adults seems to be promising. However, there is scarce research on the SSE program with young adults. Furthermore, the outbreak of coronavirus disease has imposed people to change their lifestyle and behaviors, including exercise behaviors. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of a home-based online SSE trial on cognitive and social functions in sedentary young adults.
Methods: A total of 18 young adults (6 males, 12 females) participated in the present study. They completed two exercise conditions (SSE and active control exercise), consisting of 3 sessions per week, over 2 weeks. A 2 times (pre vs. post) × 2 conditions (SSE vs. active control) repeated-measures ANCOVA was conducted on the score of the Modified Card Sorting Task with age and education year as covariates. A one-way repeated-measures MANOVA was performed on the subscale scores of the Physical Activity Group Environment Questionnaire to examine the effects of the exercise conditions (SSE vs. active control) on group cohesion.
Results: SSE was found effective to improve executive function such as abstract reasoning, mental flexibility, and problem-solving skills. Furthermore, participants’ perceptions of social interaction with their group, and closeness and bonding existing in their group were significantly higher in the SSE condition than the active control
condition.
Conclusions: In the present study, SSE was conducted online and found to be effective to enhance executive function and group cohesion in sedentary young adults. These novel approach and findings are the strengths of the present study. People aged 60 years and over are more vulnerable to the coronavirus and at higher risk of developing serious illness. Given the coronavirus pandemic circumstances, it is worthwhile to explore the possibility of the online SSE approach to older adults in future research.</p
Related Data for Thesis/Dissertation: The role of psychological factors in the onset of low back pain
No full textLow back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability worldwide with significant costs to individuals, their families, and society at large. Despite the burden it poses on our society, there is still insufficient emphasis on primary prevention of LBP, i.e. to prevent its occurrence or recurrence. Contemporary theoretical models of health and well-being advocate for an approach where biological factors are considered along with psychological and social factors. Clinical practice however is incongruent with these theoretical positions, with psychological factors often not featured in LBP prevention interventions. In order to support greater psychologically informed practice in LBP preventive action, the evidencebased practice (EBP) model was first used to frame the research and knowledge gaps that contribute to the lack of psychologically informed practice from a clinical decision-making perspective. According to the EBP model, applied clinical practice is informed by four interrelated spheres; the body of available research evidence, the clinical state and setting, the patient’s personal preferences for assessment and management; and the clinician’s clinical expertise. Three research studies were conducted to address barriers to psychologically informed practice arising in three of these spheres.
In Study 1, the gap in the understanding of physiotherapists opinions on the importance of psychological risk factors in the development of LBP was examined. Through an online survey of physiotherapists practising in Singapore, it was found that physiotherapists do consider psychological factors as important in the development of LBP. Factors such as LBP beliefs, pain catastrophising cognitions, work-related stress and psychological distress were perceived as amongst the topmost important risk factors. The study also demonstrated a favourable perspective on psychological risk factors in LBP development with psychological factors emerging as more important than many nonpsychological factors.
In Study 2, the gap related to insufficient recommendations for psychological measurement tools for LBP primary prevention was addressed. Following the emergence of LBP beliefs, pain catastrophising cognitions, work-related stress and psychological distress as important risk factors in Study 1, three psychological measurement tools were selected and evaluated to check if they were suitable for use for LBP primary prevention purposes in Singapore. To achieve this, factorial validity and the measurement invariance across people with and without LBP of the 10-item Back-Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ-10), Pain Catastrophising Scale (PCS) and Screening Tool for Psychological Distress (STOP-D) were examined. Results from the study revealed that some of the measures tools required revisions in order to achieve good psychometric fit within this Singaporean cohort. Examination of the measurement invariance also showed that the measurement tools were invariant across people with and without LBP. Therefore the Back-PAQ-10, the revised bifactor, 2-factor PCS, and the composite STOP-D were suitable to assess psychological factors related to the development of LBP.
In Study 3, two research gaps were addressed related to understanding the role of psychological factors in the possible aetiology of LBP. Through a series of structural models, the relationship between key psychological factors identified in Study 1, and the presence of LBP, characterised by pain severity and disability, were examined. The results provided substantive evidence for the important role of psychological factors in the presence of LBP. The results showed that psychological factors are associated with the onset of LBP, where some result in the presence of LBP characterised by greater pain severity and some in terms of greater disability. The models also provided evidence supporting the explanatory mechanisms of the Generic Cognitive Model (GCM), for the pattern of interrelationships between psychological factors as well as the direct associations with LBP outcomes.
The findings from this research project have several key implications. From a practical and clinical perspective, it provides a model of how to consider key psychological factors in LBP, along with suitable instruments for their assessment. This is of particular relevance to physiotherapists who characteristically do not have extensive education or training in psychology, therefore an operational framework is valuable for facilitating clinical application. From a theoretical perspective, it extends our currently limited knowledge regarding how psychological factors influence LBP, facilitating further research into possible explanatory mechanisms for the role of psychological factors.</p
Acute effects of a short bout of calisthenics on mental fatigue and cognition
No full textThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a short bout of light-intensity calisthenics on mental fatigue and cognitive performance. Light-intensity physical activity has been found to confer beneficial physiological effects when used to disrupt sedentary periods, but less is known about its effect on cognition. A randomized-crossover mixed-design was used. The within-subjects factor was the type of break-time activity: 2 minutes of reading and calisthenics. The between-subjects factor was the participant’s sex. 32 moderately-to-highly active participants (16 Male, 16 Female; Age: 22.9 ± 1.65 yr; Body Mass Index: 21.24 ± 2.09 kg/m2) were recruited. In each session, mental fatigue was induced through a Digit Span Test (DST) followed by a break activity. At various time-points, mental state and cognitive performance was measured. For mental state, self-reporting scales for fatigue levels and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were used. For cognitive performance, a test battery consisting of Math Fluency Test (MFT), Remote Associates Test (RAT) and Stroop Test was administered. Findings showed significant interaction effects of the break activity and time-points on positive affect (PA) (p<0.001), with calisthenics conferring a greater increase as a break activity. No significant main effects were found in the other mental state and cognitive measurements. In conclusion, there is limited supporting data on the acute effects of a short bout of calisthenics exercises on mental fatigue and cognitive performance, though PA scores suggest its ability to improve moods.Bachelor of Science (Sport Science and Management
Effects of Exercise-Cognition Integrated Training for Enhancement (ExCITE) program on gait speed and postural stability in sedentary older adults
No full textFaced with a worldwide rapid increase in aging population, supportive solutions for increasing overall healthy-life expectancy of older adults are at high demand. Statistics of the emergency department in National University Hospital (NUH), identified accidental falls as the key mechanism for sustained trauma in older adults. The objective of the current study is to investigate the training effect of a 6-weeks Exercise-Cognition Integrated Training for Enhancement (ExCITE) training program on fall risk indicators such as Gait speed and One-legged stance (OLS) postural stability. It was hypothesized that the Intervention group will demonstrate higher performance in the outcome parameters compared to the Control group. A total of 20 older adults were recruited and randomly assigned to either the Intervention (3 males, 7 females; M age = 63.8, SD = 5.92) or Control group (2 males, 8 females; M age = 63.70, SD = 7.36). Gait speed and OLS postural stability were assessed over five-time points (Pre – 3rd Session – 6th Session – 9th session – Post) throughout the 6-weeks training program. Repeated measures randomized group design was applied with alpha level set at .05 for all statistical tests. Results showed no significant difference in gait speed and OLS postural stability performance between participants in the Intervention and Control group. ExCITE task performance accuracy (%) however presented a significant improvement (p = .036). In conclusion, findings were unable to demonstrate any real-training benefits on motor performance effected by the ExCITE training program. More comprehensive and intricate data analysis method is proposed to increase sensitivity towards recording potential training effect.Bachelor of Science (Sport Science and Management
Understanding the usage of physical activity tracking devices
No full textPhysical activity tracking devices are currently marketed and popularised as tools that would increase physical activity levels. However, many users stop using them after less than a year. This study aimed to explore reasons for using a physical activity tracker, discontinuation of usage of the device and for non-usage of the device. A total of 305 participants completed a self-reported questionnaire of which 160 participants were currently using an activity tracker, 58 were past users and 87 had never used one before. Older participants tended to use an activity tracker if it was given for free compared with younger participants (p = 0.010). Participants who used a tracker for more than a year before eventually stopping usage had a significantly higher score for device breakage (p = 0.030) or having experienced negative psychological impacts (p = 0.001) as compared to those who used a tracker for less than a year before stopping usage. There is a significant difference for the reasons people did not think that it would help them increase their physical activity level or they did not want to increase their physical activity level with p = 0.001 and p = 0.006 respectively when comparing between those interested and uninterested in using an activity tracker in the future. In conclusion, the most cited reasons for usage were that the tracker was free and the most cited reasons for non-usage of activity trackers were not wanting to increase physical activity levels.Bachelor of Science (Sport Science and Management
Study on tunnel for refuge for wide area disasters
Full text link金沢大学博士（工学）博士論文 要旨Abstract/本文Full 以下に掲載：Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 65 pp.12-21 2017. ELSEVIER. 共著者：Shinji Emoto, Nobuyoshi Kawabata, Masato Hasegawa, Miho Seikedoctoral thesi
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