1,721,154 research outputs found
A Psychological Intervention Reduces Doping Likelihood in Italian Athletes:A Replication and Extension
Get PDFResearch on doping prevention has proliferated in recent years as evidenced by the development of several anti-doping interventions. However, researchers have rarely examined whether an anti-doping intervention delivered and evaluated in one population is similarly effective in a different population. The purpose of our research was to determine: (a) whether the findings of a study examining whether a psychological intervention is more effective than an educational intervention in preventing doping in British and Greek athletes would be replicated in a sample of Italian athletes; and (b) whether the two interventions would be more effective than a control group of athletes receiving no intervention. Eligible participants were identified via a screening survey administered to 540 athletes from 46 clubs in Italy. A total of 15 sport clubs (121 athletes; 16.95% female; aged 18.52 ± 2.15 years) were assigned to one of three conditions: a psychological intervention, an educational intervention, or a no-intervention control group. Each intervention consisted of six one-hour sessions delivered to small groups of athletes over six weeks. Athletes completed measures of doping likelihood, anticipated guilt, moral disengagement, and self-regulatory efficacy pre-intervention, post-intervention, and two months later. Control group participants completed the same measures at the same time points. The two interventions were similarly effective in reducing doping likelihood and increasing anticipated guilt from pre to post, while the control group showed no change; these effects were maintained at follow up. Both interventions reduced moral disengagement and increased self-regulatory efficacy from pre to post relative to the control group, and these effects were maintained at follow-up. In conclusion, the results of our study replicate previous findings and highlight the need for anti-doping organisations to target psychological variables and doping-relevant information in anti-doping education.Doping, which refers to the use of prohibited Performance Enhancing Drugs (PEDs) and methods, can have significant adverse consequences for athletes’ health (see Bird et al., 2016), undermines fair play, and is a threat to the integrity and image of sport (Kavussanu et al., 2021). Despite major investment by governments worldwide in sophisticated methods to detect doping, prevalence remains high. Doping prevalence has been estimated to range from 10.6% to 21% in elite athletes competing in athletics (Petroczi et al., 2022), while in recreational athletes, estimates range from 18% to 24% (Pitsch, 2022). The need exists therefore to tackle this important problem using effective prevention strategies. To this end, several studies have developed and evaluated interventions aimed to prevent doping (for a review see Filleul et al., 2024) and some have been successful (e.g., Nichols et al., 2020). However, the findings of most interventions have typically not been replicated with a different population, in another country and most of them have not been theory-based. In this research we aim to fill this gap in the literature
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Your Team Can Make You A Better Person:Team Cohesion Is Associated With Off-Field Prosocial Behaviour Intentions Via Fairplay Team Norms And Empathy In Rugby Union
Get PDFMuch research has investigated the relationship between team cohesion and behaviour on-field, while the association between team cohesion and off-field prosocial behaviour has been almost overlooked. To fill this gap, we conducted a study in a sample of Italian Rugby Union athletes to examine whether: (a) team cohesion is associated with off-field prosocial behaviour intentions; and (b) the underlying mechanisms of this association. We focused on the two dimensions of team cohesion, that is social and task cohesion, and hypothesized that social cohesion should be associated with off-field individual prosocial behaviour via empathy, while the association between task cohesion and off-field individual prosocial behaviour should be mediated by on-field fairplay team norms. In total, 497 amateur, sub-elite, and elite Italian Rugby Union players (128 females) took part in this study by filling out an online survey. Results revealed that social cohesion was associated with greater empathy, which in turn was associated with greater expression of off-field prosocial behaviour intentions. Task cohesion was associated with both greater on-field fairplay team norms and greater empathy, which in turn was linked to more off-field prosocial behaviour intentions. Results are discussed with respect to the role of team cohesion in favouring the expression of prosocial behaviour intentions off-field, thus underlying the role of sport in fostering moral behaviour (also) in everyday community life
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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