1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The influence of milk oligosaccharides on host-commensal interactions in the GI tract
No full textThis thesis sets out to explore the influence of milk oligosaccharides on the colonisation of the intestinal microflora and their potential downstream impact upon components of the gastrointestinal tract. Milk oligosaccharides are known to act as prebiotics for the early microflora, but it was not yet known if these molecules possessed alternative bioactivities relating to intestinal adhesion. Various oligosaccharides present in human and bovine milk were screened for their ability to influence the adhesion of an infant-associated commensal, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697, to in vitro intestinal models (Chapter II). Screening of individual oligosaccharides identified that exposure to 6'sialyllactose, but not 3'sialyllactose, could promote adhesion to the HT-29 cell line. Interestingly, exposure to a combination of 3'- and 6'-sialyllactose resulted in a dramatic increase in adhesion to the HT-29 cell line. 3'- and 6'-sialyllactose, alone or in combination, increased adhesion to the Caco-2 model, though to a reduced extent. Parameters such as oligosaccharide concentration, duration of oligosaccharide exposure, enzymatic treatments of the bacteria, and a screen of other bacterial strains were used to explore the activity of 6'sialyllactose to promote adhesion to the HT-29 cell line in greater detail. The capability of 6'sialyllactose to induce an adhesive phenotype was unique to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697, required a threshold oligosaccharide concentration above 0.5mg/ml, and likely involves a surface protein or combination of proteins. Following the discovery of the novel bioactivity of 6'sialyllactose, the genetic basis for the induced adhesive-phenotype was investigated. Oligosaccharide exposures were replicated as in the previous in vitro adhesion studies. Genetic expression was assessed through the use of whole genome DNA microarray analysis. Exposure to the combination of 3'- and 6'-sialyllactose resulted in both, the highest number of differentially transcribed genes and the greatest magnitude of transcription. Levels of gene transcription correlated with the trend of increased adhesion to the HT-29 cell line. The study identified several genes related to either stress-response or colonising factors (dnaK, groEL, sortase, dps-ferritin), which were further validated through the use of qPCR. Several of the genes have been confirmed as colonising factors in alternative strains of bacteria. This study demonstrates a connection between exposure to a combination of predominant sialylated milk oligosaccharides and an adaptive colonising response of B. longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697. Milk oligosaccharides have demonstrated activity as both prebiotic and anti-infective molecules. Although human milk contains the highest concentration and greatest diversity of oligosaccharides, bovine milk and dairy whey streams contain several of the common acidic oligosaccharides and represent a scalable source of bioactive oligosaccharides. Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMO) isolated from dairy whey streams and 6'sialyllactose were tested against an established commercial prebiotic, oligofructose, to assess their safety profile and impact on the microbial communities in the murine gut (Chapter III). Findings indicated that none of the treatments significantly affected markers of probiotic activity via short chain fatty acid production or altered IgA or cytokine profiles. Oligofructose demonstrated mixed activity to alter bacterial family proportions, while BMO and 6'sialyllactose were associated with significantly reduced proportions of bacterial families containing notable pathogens. The findings of chapter III demonstrate the overall safety of oligosaccharide supplementation and their ability to modulate the murine intestinal microbiome, with potential applications in infant formulations and functional foods. With the ability of milk oligosaccharides to promote the growth and adhesion of bifidobacteria, which are in turn decorated with numerous glycans on their cell walls, it is likely that altering the numbers of bifidobacteria will influence many lectin-mediated interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. Accordingly, a panel of commensal bacteria were screened for their ability to interact with galectin-3, a galactose-binding glycoprotein, which is notably expressed in the epithelial cells of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract and can influence both metastasis and pathogenic bacterial colonisation (Chapter IV). Surface plasmon resonance was employed for the screening assay, identifying two strains of HMO-consuming commensal bacteria, B. longum subsp. infantis, which interacted with galectin-3 to a greater extent than the pathogenic positive control. The interaction was further validated and characterized through the use of agglutination and solid-phase binding experiments. The galectin-3-bacteria interaction is mediated through a carbohydrate moiety; however, the entire galectin-3 protein is required for optimal binding. The results demonstrate for the first time a novel interaction between galectin-3 and commensal bacteria. As the two strains can be influenced by HMOs via increased growth or colonisation, the findings present a potentially novel means to modulate the activity of galectin-3 in the GI tract. Overall these studies build a strong case for the use of milk oligosaccharides to modulate the intestinal microflora, with bovine milk and dairy whey streams presenting an abundant and yet untapped resource. Future research will aid in further elucidating the intricacies of the oligosaccharide-microflora-GI tract interaction, thereby identifying novel therapeutic targets and means by which to maintain or restore host health.2016-11-1
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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