1,720,960 research outputs found
The Role of OPDA Signaling in Induced Systemic Defenses Against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
No full textPlants are vulnerable to a range of biotic and abiotic stressors, which hinder their growth and reduce agricultural yield. Existing management strategies fall short, lacking durable resistant/tolerant cultivars and nontoxic, low-cost pesticides, necessitating an urgent breakthrough, which is not necessarily forthcoming due to an incomplete understanding of plant defense mechanisms and plant growth and defense tradeoffs, a major problem in genetic engineering for plant stress resilience. To understand if and how plants co-ordinate growth and defense responses, we exploited the role and mode of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)-mediated ‘induced systemic resistance (ISR) and tolerance (IST),’ phenomena capable of priming broad-spectrum durable resistances without the usually accompanied growth penalty to biotic and abiotic stresses, respectively. This study describes that 12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) acts as i) local defense and ii) long-distance phloem-mobile systemic defense signals in ISR, stimulating the cyclophilin 20-3 (CYP20-3)-mediated activation of two-component system, consisting of glutaredoxin transcriptional regulators (e.g., GRX480) and TGA transcription factors (e.g., TGA2, TGA5, TGA6). The GRX/TGA pathway then recruits the nonexpresser of PR1 (NPR1) and conveys both OPDA and salicylic acid (SA) signaling, which prime disease resistance in local and systemic tissues against a broad range of pathogens, including bacterial and fungal microbes and plant parasitic nematodes. Besides biotic stresses, the crosstalk between OPDA and SA signaling simultaneously runs ‘growth and defense machinery’ against abiotic stresses, especially drought. Recently, we have identified two drought-responsive genes, RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 29 (RD29)A and RD29B, which are located downstream of the GRX/TGA system, playing an important role in IST development. In the present study, we also found −for the first time− that plants can coordinate cellular multitasking by the circadian rhythmic expression of RD29A, which acts as a noncanonical esterase/hydrolase, and relay CYP20-3/OPDA signaling in priming IST against drought. Although RD29B is also induced by PGPR, we found it to be physiologically distinct from RD29A, acting as a constitutive gene positioned upstream and controlling RD29A-dependent/independent defense responses. Together, we hypothesize CYP20-3-dependent OPDA signaling as a key node helping balance growth and defense against various stresses, synergistically optimizing plant fitness
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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Simple Groups and Related Topics
Full text linkSince every nonabelian simple group is a homomorphic image of an involutory progenitor 2^(*n):N where N ≤ S_n is transitive, our motivation for the thesis has been to seek finite homomorphic images of such progenitors and construct them using our technique of double coset enumeration. We have constructed U_3 (3):2 over 5^2:S_3, 2x(A_5 x A_5) over D_5 x D_5, S_6 over S_5, 2^5:S_5 over S_5, and 3^3: 2^3 over 3^2:2 . We have discovered original symmetric presentations numerous group as homomorphic images various progenitors. We have also found new monomial representations of groups and given monomial progenitors. We have given isomorphism class of every image that we have discovered
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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