1,720,970 research outputs found
Supreme Court of India. The beginnings | Georges H. Gadbois
No full textGeorges H. Gadbois, Supreme Court of India. The beginnings, Oxford University Press : New Delhi, 2017, 245 p. Compte rendu par Amanjit Kaur Sharanjit (Université Paris Nanterre) Alors que l’Union indienne est sur le point de fêter ses soixante-dix ans d’indépendance, l’édition de l’œuvre du politiste Georges H. Gadbois en 2017 est un symbole. L’ouvrage dont il est ici question porte sur l’étude d’une institution clef du système constitutionnel de l’Union, en l’occurrence la Cour suprême. L’au..
Provocative advertising strategies in the fashion industry : opportunities and risks of provocative advertising strategies based on American Apparel
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of provocative marketing strategies of different companies in the fashion industry in the first part. The thesis emphasizes on various strategies used by several firms. Furthermore it demonstrates the
different modes of provocation and also the process of a marketing strategy. The second part highlights the opportunities and risks of provocative marketing strategies based on American Apparel
Energy Analysis of WSN using RSA and ECC Encryption Method
Get PDFME Thesis June 2012Wireless Sensor Networks consist of sensor nodes and few powerful control mobile laptops performing activities like routing, data aggregation etc. over wireless media. These types of networks are becoming very popular.
Therefore, this thesis investigates cryptography algorithms to showcase energy analysis. The work is implemented over a network created with the help of java sunspot kit
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Customary law of colonial Punjab, 1849-1947 : some aspects and issues of a colonial law
No full textLe 29 mars 1849, le Punjab est annexé par la Compagnie des Indes orientales britanniques (la C.I.O.). Ce faisant, la région des cinq fleuves (« punj » signifiant cinq et « ab » signifiant eau en persan) devient l’une des dernières grandes conquêtes du pouvoir colonial. Elle restera sous domination britannique jusqu’en 1947. Cette conquête territoriale s’inscrit dans un contexte où l’impérialisme britannique commence à s’affirmer au sein du sous-continent indien. Lorsqu’elle s’est établie pour la première fois en Inde, au XVIIe siècle, la C.I.O. n’était qu’une compagnie marchande parmi d’autres compagnies européennes, souhaitant bénéficier de monopoles commerciaux. Deux siècles plus tard, au XIXe siècle, la C.I.O. est devenue un véritable pouvoir politique, militaire et judiciaire. Sa nationalisation en 1858 et son remplacement par le règne de la Couronne britannique s’inscrivent dans la continuité de ce processus de politisation institutionnel alors bien avancé. Arrivés dans le Punjab, le Gouverneur Général des Indes Dalhousie et les premiers administrateurs du Punjab s’interrogent sur le droit à appliquer aux litiges d’ordre privés. Jusqu’à présent, les officiers de la C.I.O. s’étaient penchés sur les traditions religieuses, hindoues et musulmanes, pour y identifier le droit applicable. Mais depuis quelques années déjà, une telle méthode souffre de critiques car elle est vue par certains administrateurs comme dénaturant les usages locaux et par d’autres comme laissant une place importante à une certaine élite religieuse, laquelle n’est pas proche de la population indienne. Conscients de cela, les administrateurs du Punjab britannique imaginent alors chercher l’origine du droit privé non pas dans les traditions religieuses mais dans les coutumes tribales et villageoises. Mais alors que ces mêmes administrateurs ont pour volonté de protéger la population punjabie, selon une rhétorique bien établie, des technicités procédurales d’un droit qui s’applique ailleurs dans l’Inde britannique, la région n’échappe pas au processus de l’institutionnalisation du droit : des juridictions hiérarchisées sont mises en place, une procédure civile devient applicable dans tout le territoire indien, des universités sont instituées offrant des cursus en droit et des barristers se forment dans les inns londoniens. À cela s’ajoutent les méthodes de compilation des coutumes, qui font à la fois valoir une forme de collaboration avec les chefs des tribus locales mais qui ne peuvent se faire sans procéder à une sélection de telles coutumes. Ce sont autant de modalités qui permettent le passage de coutumes vers un droit coutumier – lequel est par ailleurs théorisé à l’aune des théories du droit se développant en Inde, en Europe et aux États-Unis : celle de la communauté de village et celle de la succession agnatique. La juridicisation des coutumes s’accompagne par ailleurs par une cristallisation de certaines identités et inégalités sociales : l’identité tribale, ainsi, reçoit une reconnaissance sur le plan juridique et les femmes, par ailleurs, sont exclues de façon structurelle de la succession aux propriétés ancestrales. Par ailleurs, au moment où les mouvements réformateurs socioreligieux et nationalismes ethniques s’affirment, à partir de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle, la légitimité d’un droit qui ne se fonde pas sur les identités religieuses est remise en cause. Cette recherche a ainsi vocation à développer les différents point que nous venons d’évoquer : premièrement, elle s’intéresse aux controverses historiques et théoriques étant à l’origine du droit coutumier du Punjab colonial ; deuxièmement, elle vise à démontrer le processus de passage des coutumes au droit coutumier par le biais des compilations et la mise en place des juridictions ; troisièmement, elle entend aussi mettre en avant les différents enjeux politiques et sociaux du droit coutumier, concernant l’identité religieuse d’une part et les droits des femmes d’autre part.On March 29, 1849, Punjab was annexed by the British East India Company (the B.E.I.C.). Thus, the region of the five rivers (“punj” meaning five and “ab” meaning water in Persian) became one of the last great conquests of colonial power. It remained under British domination until 1947, the year of the independence of India and Pakistan. This territorial conquest took place in a context where British imperialism was beginning to assert itself within the Indian subcontinent – as well as in the rest of the world. Indeed, when it first established itself in India in the 17th century, the B.E.I.C. was only one trading company among other European companies, wishing to benefit from commercial monopolies. Two centuries later, in the 19th century, the B.E.I.C. became a real political, military, and judicial power. Its nationalization in 1858 and its replacement by the reign of the British Crown can only be interpreted as the continuity of this process of institutional politicization. When they settled in Punjab, the Governor General of India Dalhousie and the first administrators of the Punjab pondered about the law to be applied to private situations and to private disputes. Until then, the officers of the B.E.I.C. had leaned towards the local religious traditions, Hindu, and Muslim, to identify the applicable law. But for some years already, such a method had suffered from criticism because it was seen by some administrators as distorting local customs and by others as giving a non-deserved place to a certain religious elite, which was not representative of the Indian population. Aware of this, the administrators of British Punjab then imagined looking for the origin of private law not in religious traditions but in tribal and village customs. But while these same administrators were determined to protect the Punjabi population, according to a well-established rhetoric, from the procedural technicalities of a law that applied elsewhere in British India, the region couldn’t stay immune to the process of institutionalization of law: hierarchical jurisdictions were put in place, civil procedure became applicable to all-India, universities offering law studies were being established and barristers and vakils were being trained in London inns. In addition of this came the methods of compiling customs, which rested on a form of collaboration with the chiefs of local tribes, but which could not be done without selecting such customs. These are all modalities that allowed the transition from customs to customary law – which was also theorized in the light of legal theories developing in India, Europe, and the United States: that of the village community and that of the agnatic succession. The legalization of customs is also accompanied by a crystallization of certain identities and social inequalities: tribal identity, thus, received recognition on the legal level and women, besides, were structurally excluded from succession to ancestral property. Moreover, when socio-religious reform movements and ethnic nationalisms asserted themselves, in the second half of the 19th century, the legitimacy of a law that was not based on religious identities was called into question. Based on that, in this research, I intend to develop the following points: firstly, I studied the historical and theoretical controversies being at the origin of the customary law of colonial Punjab; secondly, I tried to demonstrate the process of transition from customs to customary law through the methods of compilations and the establishment of courts in Punjab; and thirdly, I attempted to highlight the various political and social issues related to customary law in British Punjab, concerning religious/tribal identities one the one hand and women's rights on the other
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