1,720,963 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Artemisinin Cocrystals for Bioavailability Enhancement: In vitro Formulation Design, In vivo and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic models
Full text linkArtemisinin (ART) is the most promising antimalarial agent, which is both effective and well tolerated in patients, however, has therapeutic limitations due to its low solubility, bioavailability, short half-life and neurotoxicity. The objective of this work was to explore the possibility of formulating ART cocrystals, i.e., Artemisinin-Orcinol (ART-ORC) and Artemisinin-Resorcinol (ART2-RES) as oral dosage forms to deliver ART molecules for bioavailability enhancement. The aim of this research was to develop a simple and effective ART cocrystal formulation which can be used on an appropriate animal model to evaluate their preclinical pharmacokinetics for further development. The research reports the evaluation and prediction of pharmacokinetics (PK) performance of ART cocrystal formulations using in vivo murine animal and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The study was divided into five tasks:
(1) Formation and characterisation of Artemisinin cocrystals:
Two pharmaceutical cocrystals of poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) ART were synthesised, including 1:1 Artemisinin-Orcinol (ART-ORC) and 2:1 Artemisinin-Resorcinol (ART2-RES). The formation of pure cocrystals was confirmed by the characterisation techniques such as Infrared Spectroscopy (IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD).
(2) Formulation design of Artemisinin cocrystals
The physiochemical properties of ART cocrystals were measured to provide valuable information for the strategy of formulation development. It was found that the ART solubility can be increased significantly by its cocrystals, i.e., 26-fold by ART-ORC and 21-fold by ART2-RES respectively. Copolymer Polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl Acetate (PVP-VA) was found to be the most effective crystallisation inhibitor through screening a set of polymers widely used in pharmaceutical products, including Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC) and Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate (HPMC-AS) based on the powder dissolution performance parameter (DPP) analysis. The optimal concentration of PVP-VA at 0.05mg/mL within a formulation was then determined by a dissolution/permeability (D/P) method which represented a simplified permeation model to simultaneously evaluate the effects of a crystallization inhibitor on the dissolution and permeation performance of ART cocrystals.
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(3) Mechanistic understandings of effect of the polymeric excipient on Artemisinin cocrystal dissolution and permeation properties
The surface dissolution of single ART cocrystals was monitored by Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the diffusion properties of ART in solution were measured by 1H and diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. These experiments were conducted to gain an insight into how the excipient affects the ART cocrystal dissolution performance and bioavailability.
(4) In vivo bioavailability of Artemisinin Cocrystals
The efficacy of the ART cocrystal formulations along with the parent drug ART were tested in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Cocrystal formulations resulted in a five-fold reduction in parasitaemia in mice compared to ART alone at the same dose. The PK parameters including Cmax, Tmax, AUC were obtained by determining drug concentrations in the plasma using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS), showing enhanced ART levels after dosage with the cocrystal formulations. The dose-response tests revealed that a significantly lower dose of the ART cocrystals in the formulation was required to achieve a similar therapeutic effect as ART alone formulation.
(5) Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling of Artemisinin Cocrystals
A PBPK model was developed using a PBPK mouse simulator to accurately predict the in vivo behaviour of the cocrystal formulations by combining in vitro dissolution profiles with the properties of the parent drug ART. The study illustrated that information from classical in vitro and in vivo experimental investigations of the parent drug of ART formulation can be coupled with PBPK modelling to predict the PK parameters of an ART cocrystal formulation in an efficient manner. Therefore, the proposed modelling strategy could be used to establish structure−activity relationships for different cocrystals intended to improve dissolution properties and to support clinical candidate selection, contributing to assessment of cocrystal developability and formulation development.UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, EP/R021198/1
Take Two: Immigrants
No full textThis exploration delves into the profound historical and contemporary significance of immigrants in shaping the United States. From the early settlers and Ellis Island arrivals to modern-day immigrants, their contributions have been pivotal to the country's development and cultural fabric. By debunking stereotypes, the study emphasizes the crucial role of immigrants in building American society. Their impact on technological progress, evident in inventions like iPhones and the telephone, further underscores their value. The article also addresses discrimination faced by newer immigrants and advocates for recognizing their immense worth, especially among those seeking asylum from perilous circumstances. With compelling historical and current evidence, the research highlights the indispensable role of immigrants in America's growth and diversity
Ethnic Identity and Acculturation: Mental Health Perceptions and Help-Seeking Behaviors of College-Age Students with Sikh Punjabi Immigrant Parents
Full text linkThe purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the experiences of college-age children of Sikh Punjabi immigrant parents who were considering mental health treatment in Pennsylvania. The theory guiding this study was ethnic identity theory, which was developed by Jean Phinney. There were four research questions addressed: (a) How do college-age children of Sikh Punjabi immigrant parents describe their experiences when considering mental health treatment in Pennsylvania? (b) How do participants describe the impact of their parents’ perceptions regarding mental health when contemplating seeking mental health treatment? (c) How do participants describe their experiences discussing mental health–related topics with their families, and how does their ethnic identity as Sikh Punjabi individuals influence these discussions? and (d) How do participants describe the impact of sources outside of their families when considering mental health treatment? Semi structured interviews were conducted through the virtual platform Microsoft Teams with 10 participants, and common themes were derived from the data. The researcher completed data analysis using Dovetail software. Results revealed that Sikh Punjabi immigrant parents had a negative impact on their college-age children’s perceptions of mental health. Seeking mental health treatment carried stigma and shame. The results also revealed that discussions of mental health with families were not common, and outside sources were identified as a bigger support system regarding mental health and treatment
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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