1,720,986 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Investigation on 160 Gb/s Dense Wavelength Division Muliplexed Systems
No full textThe tremendous growth of Internet traffic has created increasing demand on high
capacity optical communications networks. The optical transmission networks offer
improved possibilities for dealing with ever growing demands on transmission bandwidth
and system capacity. In the last 20 years, the optical transmission networks have become
one of the most important part in the telecommunication hierarchy, whose seamless
integration with conventional network applications and services forces a further
development and a broader deployment of optical networks in all telecommunication
areas.
Making a classification of different optical transmission networks, it can be distinguished
between Access, Metro and Core (or back-bone) networks. This is the most convenient
network classification made to the transmission distance or network diameter. Access
networks as the base of the telecommunication hierarchy, are characterized by the
interaction between numerous different network technologies based on different
transmission media e.g. wire, wireless or fiber. These networks possess a small total
capacity and inter-operational functionality between different transmission protocols (e.g.
TCP/IP, ATM) and services (e.g. ISDN, DSL). The conventional wire based data
transmission dominates the access area, making these networks to become a bottleneck of
data transmission in the future. The implementation and deployment of optical networks
in this region e.g. fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and fiber-to-the-business (FTTB) would
address the bottleneck problems, hence enabling an even broader bandwidth access than
with conventional wire based technologies (e.g. DSL). But this is rather a question of
deployment strategy and cost than of the achievable transmission performance. Metro
area networks (MANs) accumulate the traffic from the access networks with different
protocols and services, enabling its further transmission over longer distances. The
MANs are based on optical transmission technologies and they are characterized by a
limited transmission distance (< 200 km) and an increased network complexity.
Furthermore, MANs have to deal with different communication protocols, thus requiring
close interaction between the network management and transmission infrastructure,
which results in the fact that the channel data rates used here are rather small (<10
Gb/s/ch, at the moment). The core networks connect numerous MANs over distances
larger than 200 km. Basically, it can be distinguished between terrestrial and under-sea
core networks. The under-sea networks are characterized by point-to-point transmission,
ultra long-haul transmission distances (>1000 km), and specialized component
characteristics (e.g. component life times and customized fiber types). The core networks
possess an increased transmission capacity based on larger channel data rates. The
upgrade of core networks represents the first step for a faster worldwide communication.
The deployment of future optical networks and upgrade of existing ones will be governed
by the growth of the traffic in all network areas. The question arising here, is what is the
best transmission technology to be implemented in future systems. Dense wavelength
division multiplexing (DWDM) networks has emerged as a very attractive option.Department Of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & technology, Patiala
Molecular Insights into the Interaction of a Small Molecule Inhibitor with Β- Secretase (Bace1) Enzyme: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
No full textMaster of Science- ChemistryAD is a neurodegenerative, irreversible and progressive diseases. It is the most common cause of dementia affecting over 40 million people worldwide, but still there is no proper cure for this disease till now. According to World Alzheimer’s report 2018 the rate of AD enhanced by three times approximately by 2050.One of the major characteristics and chronic marks of AD is shown by the senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. These plaques and tangles affect the activity of brain or kills brain cells. Aβ peptides was derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP)by the cleavage of β-secretase (BACE-1), γ-secretaseenzymes and BACE-1 participates in the rate-limiting step in Aβ production. Thus BACE1 is an important target for the development of anti-Alzheimer’s agents along with Aβ peptide. In present study reported inhibitor PF-06751979 (C1) was selected to get insight into the inhibitory mechanism against BACE-1 using in silico studies. Results of the study, shows significant reduction in the fluctuation in loop regions i.e. insert–A (Phe159-Leu167), insert–B (Lys218-Asn221), insert–C (Ala251-Pro258), insert–D (Trp270-Gly273), insert–E (Glu290-Ser295) and insert–F (Gln316-Asp318) as compare to apo–BACE1. Interactions results also shoe the interactions with the active pocket residues of BACE-1 i.e. S1 (Gln73 and Phe108), S1´ (Thr72), S2 (Asn233), S3 (Ile110) and S4 (Gln73 and Thr232). Results also shows the interactions with flap residues (Gly66-Glu77) which confirms the strong binding with flap and keep the flap in close confirmation in the presence of C1.The molecular insights from the present study will help in the rational design of more potent drug molecules against AD
Designing effective animated icons for children
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.Information Technology is an essential part of the National Curriculum in the UK, yet despite the growth of IT in schools that this has generated, there is evidence that children are not to be taken into consideration enough when designing aspects of educational software. The functionality available in education software packages tends to be made available through static icons, yet there are problems with their implementation as they can at times cause confusion for the user in terms of the functionality that they are aiming to represent. In order to make icons in educational software more effective, and to meet the needs of children, of the use of animated icons has been suggested. Animating the function of the icon aims to provide a clarification of its meaning and demonstrate its capabilities, as well as explaining to the user the method of use. However, there is little information available on how to support the design of effective animated icons. Focusing on a target age group of 11 to 12 year olds, this thesis argues that some form of support mechanism should be developed for the design of animated icons to ensure that consideration is being given to the types of object that children find useful and accessible. A set of dimensions where guidance on visual aspects of the icon may be useful are developed through analysis of relevant literature and it is highlighted that they do not provide any insight into what types of object may be helpful in designing the animated icons. This thesis then argues that animated icon design can be usefully informed by psychological theories of learning and that using such theories as a base may provide an understanding of how children identify icon functionality. The thesis introduces and critiques Piaget’s Genetic Epistemology theory, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory and Leontjev’s Activity Theory, identifying aspects of the theories which may be of relevance to the design of animated icons. By investigating the relationships between the dimensions of animated icons and the concepts from the theories of learning, insights are developed into the impact of visual factors on a child’s identification and understanding of icon functionality. The thesis goes on to report a practical study where the sample is a group of 11 to 12 year old children. The practical study consists of three phases. The first phase gathers data related to the children’s familiarity with computers and the types of software packages that they use. The second phase looks at their use and recognition of static icon functionality. The last phase involves using the findings from phases 1 and 2 to create and evaluate a set of animated icons, the development of which is based on the relationships between the concepts from theories of learning and the identified dimensions of animated icons. The analysis of the evidence from the practical study leads to a small set of design principles being proposed that are aimed to provide advice/guidance on how to design animated icons effectively for this target age group, with an emphasis on the types of object that might be used. The principles are underpinned by the concepts from the theories of learning and presented in a manner that aims to be understandable by, and accessible to, designers
To study the association between e-cigarettes use and altered taste/smell disorders in the U.S. population
Full text linkMETHODS: Data from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) was analyzed for adults above age 40 with 3669 participants with taste and 3691 participants with smell disorders. Smoking status, based upon the history of smoking in the past 5 days was classified as ‘No tobacco smoking’, ‘E-cigs’, ‘Cigarettes’, and ‘Cigar/Hookah/Pipe’ and ‘Smokeless tobacco’. The outcome measure was having taste disorder or smell disorder determined by answering ‘yes’ to self-reported taste or smell questionnaires respectively. This information was collected by trained interviewers using the Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) system. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done with SAS 9.4 using survey weights to account for the complex sampling design. Odds ratios (OR) for taste or smell disorder to those without the respective disorder were compared within different smoking categories.
RESULTS: Individuals with taste disorders were more likely to be Mexican American, 40-49.5 yrs., with a history of persistent cold/flu, dry mouth, or cancer. Both smokeless tobacco (OR =2.59) and E-cig (OR =2.30) users showed significantly higher odds of having taste disorders compared to non-smokers. Participants with smell disorder were more likely to be female, non-Hispanic black/other Hispanics with a history of dry mouth, tonsillectomy, head injury, or sinus infections. For smell disorders, Cigar/Hookah/Pipes showed significantly higher odds compared to non-smokers (OR = 2.13).
CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study suggests that E-cigs use is significantly associated with taste disorders, whereas Cigar/Hookah/Pipe use is found to be significantly associated with higher odds of having smell disorders
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