1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Microalbuminuria during cisplatin therapy: Relation with pharmacokinetics and implications for nephroprotection
No full textBackground To assess the relation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity to its pharmacology Patients and Methods: In 22 chemonaive patients (median age, 32 years) receiving 100-150 mg/m(2) cisplatin for a total of 54 courses of therapy pharmacokinetics of ultra-filtrable platin were analyzed. Nephrotoxicity was sensitively assessed by nephelometric analyses of urinary marker-proteins. Results: The parameters calculated for ultrafiltrable platin were (two-compartment-model): terminal half-life, 36 hours (coefficient of variation [CV], 22%); AUC,12852 ng h/ml (33%); volume of distribution, 3531 (44%); total clearance, 285 ml/min (30%); renal clearance, 149 ml/min (23%); maximum concentration, 1720 ng/ml (66%); renal elimination 57% of applied dose (26%). A pathological urinary excretion of albumin >20 mg/l and alpha -1-microglobulin > 10 mg/l was detected in 39 out of 54 and 42 out of 54 cycles, respectively. The degree of albuminuria was related with urinary monoaquoplatin concentrations (p=0.003). Conclusion: Nephrotoxicity of cisplatin appears to depend on the urinary monoaquoplatin concentrations which may be modulated by application of saline
Effects of amifostine in a patient with an advanced-stage myelodysplastic syndrome
No full textWe report on a 63-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome at the stage of a refractory anemia with an excess of blasts in transformation (NMS-RAEB-T), first diagnosed in December 1996. After a period of stability, with no need for transfusions, the MDS progressed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in August 1998 with the emergence of a cytogenetic abnormality (11q-). Two courses of chemotherapy were given, resulting in prolonged pancytopenia; however, no clearance of bone marrow (BM) blasts was achieved. At that time, severe infections and daily epistaxis occurred. Frequent transfusions of packed red blood cells (RBC) and platelets (2-3/week) were necessary. After 2 months of persisting severe pancytopenia, we started a therapy with amifostine: 4 x 250 mg intravenously (i.v.) weekly for 1 month, followed by a maintenance therapy with 500 mg once weekly. After 2 weeks of amifostine therapy, hematopoiesis began to improve. In the subsequent 2 months, the patient became completely independent of the platelet transfusions; the transfusion frequency of RBC was permanently reduced (2 RBC transfusions/month) and a significant decrease of BM blasts was achieved. After 30 weeks of amifostine therapy, the morphology of the MDS switched to a chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML)-like appearance, with continuously increasing leukocytes, so that we discontinued amifostine therapy for 1 month to exclude a possible side effect of amifostine. At that time, leukocytes further increased to 74,000/mul; thus, we decided to perform a cytoreductive chemotherapy (hydroxycarbamide) and continued weekly amifostine infusions. During 1 year of amifostine therapy, the patient had a good quality of life, with no need for hospitalization and a complete cytogenetic remission. We conclude that, in this case, amifostine had two effects: a significant improvement of impaired hematopoiesis and a slowing down of disease progression. Thus, amifostine might be a therapeutic option in older patients with advanced MDS
Carboplatin pharmacokinetics in patients receiving carboplatin and paclitaxel/docetaxel for advanced lung cancers: impact of age and renal function on area under the curve
No full textPurpose: To further define the most appropriate way of choosing the dose of carboplatin. Patients and methods: The pharmacokinetics of carboplatin were analyzed in 30 patients with advanced lung cancer receiving a total of 48 cycles of carboplatin plus paclitaxel/docetaxel combination chemotherapy. Platin concentrations of ultrafiltrated plasma and urine samples were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. A multiple regression analysis was performed for interactions between pharmacokinetic parameters and protreatment characteristics. Results: Using a two-compartment-model, the following parameters were obtained (mean, coefficient of variation): initial half-lifer 0.903 h (48%); terminal half-life, 13.6 h (116%); maximum plasma concentration (C-max), 38.5 muM (86%); AUC 111.9 muM/h (86%); volume of distribution, 411 1 (130%); total clearance (C-t), 579 ml/min (75%); renal clearance (C-r), 453 ml/min (80%); renal elimination, 76% of dose (17%). In the univariate analysis, age was significantly related to C-max (P=0.0303), AUC (P = 0.0050), C-t (P = 0.0020), C-r (P = 0.0092). Plasma crcatinine (Cr-p) was related to C-max (P = 0.0228), and 1/[Cr-p] was related to C-max (P= 0.0015) and AUC (P = 0.0054), while body weight was related to C-max (P= 0.0365). No interaction with the schedule of application of the two drugs was observed. In the multivariate analysis, factors significantly related to AUC were 1/[Cr-p] (P < 0.01) and age (P < 0.01). Cr-P (P < 0.05) and 1/[Cr-p] (P < 0.01) were significantly associated with C-max. Conclusions: These data stress the importance of dosing carboplatin according to renal function and age and warrant further analyses to validate this concept prospectively
Microalbuminuria during cisplatin therapy: Relation with pharmacokinetics and implications for nephroprotection
No full textBackground To assess the relation of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity to its pharmacology Patients and Methods: In 22 chemonaive patients (median age, 32 years) receiving 100-150 mg/m(2) cisplatin for a total of 54 courses of therapy pharmacokinetics of ultra-filtrable platin were analyzed. Nephrotoxicity was sensitively assessed by nephelometric analyses of urinary marker-proteins. Results: The parameters calculated for ultrafiltrable platin were (two-compartment-model): terminal half-life, 36 hours (coefficient of variation [CV], 22%); AUC,12852 ng h/ml (33%); volume of distribution, 3531 (44%); total clearance, 285 ml/min (30%); renal clearance, 149 ml/min (23%); maximum concentration, 1720 ng/ml (66%); renal elimination 57% of applied dose (26%). A pathological urinary excretion of albumin >20 mg/l and alpha -1-microglobulin > 10 mg/l was detected in 39 out of 54 and 42 out of 54 cycles, respectively. The degree of albuminuria was related with urinary monoaquoplatin concentrations (p=0.003). Conclusion: Nephrotoxicity of cisplatin appears to depend on the urinary monoaquoplatin concentrations which may be modulated by application of saline
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