175 research outputs found
Is HIV short-sighted? Insights from a multistrain nested model
No full textAn important component of pathogen evolution at the population level is evolution within hosts. Unless evolution within hosts is very slow compared to the duration of infection, the composition of pathogen genotypes within a host is likely to change during the course of an infection, thus altering the composition of genotypes available for transmission as infection progresses. We develop a nested modeling approach that allows us to follow the evolution of pathogens at the epidemiological level by explicitly considering within-host evolutionary dynamics of multiple competing strains and the timing of transmission. We use the framework to investigate the impact of short-sighted within-host evolution on the evolution of virulence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and find that the topology of the within-host adaptive landscape determines how virulence evolves at the epidemiological level. If viral reproduction rates increase significantly during the course of infection, the viral population will evolve a high level of virulence even though this will reduce the transmission potential of the virus. However, if reproduction rates increase more modestly, as data suggest, our model predicts that HIV virulence will be only marginally higher than the level that maximizes the transmission potential of the virus
EPB882730 Supplemetal Material5 - Supplemental material for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities
No full textSupplemental material, EPB882730 Supplemetal Material5 for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities by Claire L Narraway, Oliver SP Davis, Sally Lowell, Katrina A Lythgoe, J Scott Turner and Stephen Marshall in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
EPB882730 Supplemetal Material2 - Supplemental material for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities
No full textSupplemental material, EPB882730 Supplemetal Material2 for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities by Claire L Narraway, Oliver SP Davis, Sally Lowell, Katrina A Lythgoe, J Scott Turner and Stephen Marshall in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
EPB882730 Supplemetal Material1 - Supplemental material for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities
No full textSupplemental material, EPB882730 Supplemetal Material1 for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities by Claire L Narraway, Oliver SP Davis, Sally Lowell, Katrina A Lythgoe, J Scott Turner and Stephen Marshall in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
EPB882730 Supplemetal Material3 - Supplemental material for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities
No full textSupplemental material, EPB882730 Supplemetal Material3 for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities by Claire L Narraway, Oliver SP Davis, Sally Lowell, Katrina A Lythgoe, J Scott Turner and Stephen Marshall in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
EPB882730 Supplemetal Material4 - Supplemental material for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities
No full textSupplemental material, EPB882730 Supplemetal Material4 for Biotic analogies for self-organising cities by Claire L Narraway, Oliver SP Davis, Sally Lowell, Katrina A Lythgoe, J Scott Turner and Stephen Marshall in Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science</p
Book Launch | Dimitri Van Den Meerssche's The World Bank's Lawyers
No full textOn Wednesday 16 November, the ESIL Interest Groups on History of Intentional Law and International Organisations and Völkerrechtsblog, hosted a book launch for The World Bank’s Lawyers by Dr. Dimitri van den Meerssche (Queen Mary University London).In addition to hearing from the author, discussants included Negar Mansouri (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies), Dr Gail Lythgoe (University of Manchester), Dr. Tommaso Soave (Central European University) and Dr. Ahmed Memon (Cardiff School of Law and Politics). Florenz Volkaert (Ghent University) moderated.<br/
Book Launch | Dimitri Van Den Meerssche's The World Bank's Lawyers
No full textOn Wednesday 16 November, the ESIL Interest Groups on History of Intentional Law and International Organisations and Völkerrechtsblog, hosted a book launch for The World Bank’s Lawyers by Dr. Dimitri van den Meerssche (Queen Mary University London).In addition to hearing from the author, discussants included Negar Mansouri (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies), Dr Gail Lythgoe (University of Manchester), Dr. Tommaso Soave (Central European University) and Dr. Ahmed Memon (Cardiff School of Law and Politics). Florenz Volkaert (Ghent University) moderated.<br/
Book Launch | Dimitri Van Den Meerssche's The World Bank's Lawyers
No full textOn Wednesday 16 November, the ESIL Interest Groups on History of Intentional Law and International Organisations and Völkerrechtsblog, hosted a book launch for The World Bank’s Lawyers by Dr. Dimitri van den Meerssche (Queen Mary University London).In addition to hearing from the author, discussants included Negar Mansouri (Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies), Dr Gail Lythgoe (University of Manchester), Dr. Tommaso Soave (Central European University) and Dr. Ahmed Memon (Cardiff School of Law and Politics). Florenz Volkaert (Ghent University) moderated.<br/
Family conflicts in the sea
No full textIn sexually reproducing organisms, conflicts of interest among family members are inevitable. The intensity of these conflicts depends upon the opportunities for parents and offspring to interact and the level of promiscuity. Despite the acknowledged role of family conflict in the evolutionary ecology of terrestrial organisms, its influence in the marine realm has largely been ignored. Nevertheless, marine organisms exhibit a wide range of reproductive and developmental modes through which sexual, sibling, and parent-offspring conflicts can manifest. Moreover, the existence of multiple mating in these species increases the likelihood, as well as the degree, of these conflicts. Consequently, many puzzling aspects of evolution in the sea, from life-history variation to diversification, could be clarified through the lens of conflict theory
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