5,559 research outputs found
Energy calibration and stability monitoring of the KATRIN experiment
No full textDas KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) hat das Ziel die Neutrinomasse mit einer Senistivität von 200 meV (90% C.L.) zu messen. Um die hohe Sensitivität des KATRIN Experiments zu erreichen muss das Retardierungspotential von ?18.6 kV mit einer Genauigkeit von mindestens 60mV überwacht werden. In dieser Dissertation konnte die Funktionalität des redundanten Konzeptes zur Stabilitätsüberwachung mit den hochpräzisions KATRIN Spannungsteilern und den ionenimplantierten 83 Rb/ 83mKr Quellen am KATRIN Monitor Spektrometer demonstriert werden. Des Weiteren wurde eine neue Ellipsometrievariante für die kondensierte 83mKr Konversionselektronen Quelle in der KATRIN Strahllinie entwickelt. Das Zusammenspiel all dieser Methoden zur Energiekalibrierung und Stabilitätsüberwachung ist in der Lage, die geforderte Genauigkeit bereit zu stellen um die hohe Sensitivität des KATRIN Experiments zu erreichen
Ask questions, get sales : close the deak and create long-term relationships / Stephan Schiffman.
No full textIncludes index.v, 168 pages ;In Ask Questions, Get Sales, the author and sales guru Stephan Schiffman helps readers boost their careers to the gold-medal level by teaching them how to strengthen their questioning skills during the sales process. The premise is simple yet effective: In order to be successful, salespeople need to change their mindset from "need-orientated" to "do-orientated". The message of the book centers around six core "do" questions: What do you do? How do you do it? When and where do you do it? Why do you do it that way? Who do you do it with? How can we help you do it better? With this indispensable guide in their briefcase, salespeople will have information at the ready to score big sales over the short term and the long term
Energy calibration and stability monitoring of the KATRIN experiment
No full textDas KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) hat das Ziel die Neutrinomasse mit einer Senistivität von 200 meV (90% C.L.) zu messen. Um die hohe Sensitivität des KATRIN Experiments zu erreichen muss das Retardierungspotential von ?18.6 kV mit einer Genauigkeit von mindestens 60mV überwacht werden. In dieser Dissertation konnte die Funktionalität des redundanten Konzeptes zur Stabilitätsüberwachung mit den hochpräzisions KATRIN Spannungsteilern und den ionenimplantierten 83 Rb/ 83mKr Quellen am KATRIN Monitor Spektrometer demonstriert werden. Des Weiteren wurde eine neue Ellipsometrievariante für die kondensierte 83mKr Konversionselektronen Quelle in der KATRIN Strahllinie entwickelt. Das Zusammenspiel all dieser Methoden zur Energiekalibrierung und Stabilitätsüberwachung ist in der Lage, die geforderte Genauigkeit bereit zu stellen um die hohe Sensitivität des KATRIN Experiments zu erreichen
Stephan Gasser, Christian Freigang et Bruno Boerner, Architektur und Monu -mentalskulptur des 12 - 14. Jahrhunderts. Produktion et Rezeption. Festschrift für Peter Kurmann zum 65. Geburtstag / Architecture et sculpture monumentale du 12e au 14e siècle. Production et réception, Mélanges offerts à Peter Kurmann à l’occasion de son 65e anniversaire. Berne, Peter Lang, 2006, 785 p.
No full textBrockhaus Katrin. Stephan Gasser, Christian Freigang et Bruno Boerner, Architektur und Monu -mentalskulptur des 12 - 14. Jahrhunderts. Produktion et Rezeption. Festschrift für Peter Kurmann zum 65. Geburtstag / Architecture et sculpture monumentale du 12e au 14e siècle. Production et réception, Mélanges offerts à Peter Kurmann à l’occasion de son 65e anniversaire. Berne, Peter Lang, 2006, 785 p.. In: Bulletin Monumental, tome 166, n°2, année 2008. pp. 177-178
In vitro effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin and of the phospholipase‐C inhibitor U‐73122 on carbachol‐induced contractions of porcine detrusor muscle
No full textProstaglandin synthetase inhibitors belong to one substance class additionally used in the treatment of bladder dysfunctions associated with involuntary bladder contractions. However, the mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the detrusor muscle is not clear. In this study, it was examined in vitro whether the NSAID indomethacin exhibited an inhibitory effect on carbachol-induced contractions of the porcine detrusor muscle. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of the phospholipase-C inhibitor U-73122 on carbachol-induced contractions of the porcine detrusor muscle was investigated. Experiments were performed on the muscle strips of the porcine detrusor muscle suspended in a tissue bath. Effects of indomethacin at 10(-6) and 10(-5) m on the maximum carbachol-induced contraction and on the carbachol-response curve were investigated. Additionally, the inhibitory influence of U-73122 at a concentration of 10(-5.5) m on the carbachol-response curve was investigated. Pretreatment with indomethacin at both concentrations did not result in a significant reduction in the maximum contraction compared with the control. In the experiments in which carbachol concentration-response curves were generated, indomethacin exhibited at both concentrations a very small but significant change at carbachol concentrations of 10(-8) and 10(-7.5) m. In the experiments with U-73122, a significant change was found in the concentration-response curve of carbachol at all concentrations of carbachol from 10(-6.5) to 10(-4) m. The mean maximum carbachol-induced contraction was 141.8 +/- 6.8% after incubation with U-73122 and 166.0 +/- 6.4% in the control group (P < 0.05). Indomethacin did not inhibit the carbachol-induced contractions of the porcine detrusor muscle. The cyclooxygenase does not play a significant role in the carbachol-induced bladder contraction of the porcine detrusor muscle. The inhibitory action of the phospholipase-C inhibitor U-73122 on the carbachol-induced contraction was significant, but small. The results point to an inferior role of this pathway
Effectiveness of One-Euro-Jobs: Do programme characteristics matter?
Get PDF"Recent labour market reforms in Germany introduced a workfare programme called One-Euro-Jobs with roughly 700,000 means-tested benefit recipients participating per year. In programme design leeway is given to local actors to respond to regional and individual factors. The legislature has set only key features of One-Euro-Jobs: One-Euro-Jobs are required to be additional and temporary jobs of public interest. Using administrative data for participants who entered the programme in spring 2005 this paper investigates medium-term effects of the programme and the association between flexibility in design and effect heterogeneity. First, effects of different types of One-Euro-Jobs (according to planned duration and weekly working hours) compared to non-participation ('waiting') are estimated and second, programme types are compared directly by pairwise matching to disentangle selection and programme effects. As expected lock-in effects are larger for participation with a longer planned duration, whereas this is not the case for more intensive programmes in terms of working hours. In the medium term, One-Euro-Jobs do not generally increase the employment prospects for men in East Germany beyond two years after programme start and longer and more intensive participations even decrease employment prospects. In West Germany, One-Euro-Jobs in general increase the employment chances and longer participations lead to slightly higher employment opportunities roughly two years after programme start. The initial advantages of short participations decrease over time. " (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Arbeitsgelegenheit - Erfolgskontrolle, berufliche Reintegration, Arbeitslosengeld II-Empfänger, Workfare, Arbeitsmarktchancen, Geschlechterverteilung, Westdeutschland, Ostdeutschland, Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Spectral field study of the Makgadikgadi Salt Pans in Botswana as a planetary analog for ancient fluvio-lacustrine environments on Mars
No full textThe Makgadikgadi Salt Pans in northern Botswana offer a unique opportunity to study the mineralogy of evaporates and clays derived from fluvio-lacustrine sediments in their geological context. During the rainy season the pans are usually filled with water, but the level never exceeds ~50 cm in height. During the dry season, from June to October, an expanse of salt deposits dries in the sun above a layer of clay and sand. The pans are completely flat. However, locally, some exposed rocks such as granite, dolerite, exist. A field campaign taking place in August 2022, funded by Europlanet 2024 RI (grant agreement No 871149) were performed in order to 1) obtain a horizontal profile of the mineralogical diversity throughout the Pans from the topographic center to the rim/shoreline; and (2) investigate variations in the mineralogical composition of the evaporates and clays due to the influence of neighboring and/or underlying (bedrock) units. Spectral measurements were performed directly in the field with a portable visible/near-infrared spectrometer that samples the surface in the visible and near-infrared (VIS-NIR) wavelength range between 0.35 and 2.5μm. This range is known to be best suited for mineralogic research and most commonly used on planetary spacecrafts.
The acquired spectra reveal that salts dominate a more or less fresh, white to light brown, several mm-thick uppermost crust throughout the pans. They are particularly prominent where the salts themselves or at least the clays underneath this layer are still wet from the rainy season. The special shape of the water-related feature at 2μm implies that sodium hydrogen carbonates such as trona dominate the salt layer. Although halite should be also present, its spectral signature might be masked by the signature of trona. In the wettest location, a thin greenish layer of organic material has been found, which causes a characteristic feature near 0.7 μm. In regions that have been dry for a prolonged period, clays such as montmorillonite dominate over salts. Bed rocks that are in direct contact with the pan deposits often show a distinct greenish color. Spectra of these rocks are dominated by glauconite, sometimes in combination with illite, which possibly develop as a consequence of alteration of sedimentary deposits associated with low-oxygen conditions. The collected spectra in combination with the knowledge of their geologic context will be extremely useful for identifying and mapping similar environments on Mars with potential for future landing sites by spectrometers working in the visible-near infrared (VNIR) wavelength range such as Mars Express OMEGA and MRO CRISM.
In addition, spectra acquired in the field provide the spectral endmembers, which are now used to classify the currently available data of the pans provided by the Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) of the German hyperspectral satellite mission. EnMAP data cover the same wavelength range in the VIS-NIR such as the field instrument and cover the major portions of the pans at the same seasonal period of the year. We present the distribution of the minerals detected in the field across the observed areas.
Furthermore, samples collected in the field are now analyzed by additional types of spectroscopy such as Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman, a combination, which have proven to significantly enhance the scientific potential of studying the mineralogy of planetary analog materials (Stephan et al., 2022). Results of this multi-instrument approach will be presented.
References:
Stephan, K., Gwinner, K., Schröder, S., Rammelkamp, K., Baque, M., Grindrod, P. (2022): Spectral investigation of volcanic alteration deposits on Vulcano island /Italy as planetary analog for acid alteration conditions on Mars, EPSC, DOI: 10.5194/epsc2022-974
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