334 research outputs found
Translations:a self-study of teacher education practices of a non-native speaking university faculty teaching in cross-cultural contexts
No full textFaculty who do not speak the language of instruction in their universities as their first language face additional challenges in teaching. This study aimed to investigate a non-native speaker faculty member, Eisuke Saito, who had attempted to manage and overcome language challenges in teaching. Through an autobiographical self-study of teacher education practices (S-STEP) with reference to critical incidents, and critical discussions with co-author Michelle Ludecke, this article reveals that through listening to the students and observing their non-verbal responses, Eisuke came to deepen his understanding of the complexities of students’ problems and confusions. As a result, class discussions were utilized more meaningfully, which involved working with students as co-curriculum makers. In so doing, the non-verbal responses that were overwhelming at the beginning of his teaching career eventually started to support Eisuke in facilitating discussion in his classes. This study posits that for non-native speaker faculty to change their practices, multi-faceted efforts are necessary–starting with respecting their students as co-curriculum makers, understanding students’ needs through non-verbal signals, and considering how to add value in developing dialogue among and with students in an emergent manner based on students’ confusions or questions.</p
Bioactive compounds in plant materials for the prevention of diabetesand obesity
No full textPlant materials have been widely studied for their preventive and therapeutic effects for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. The effect of a plant material arises from its constituents, and the study of these bioactive compounds is important to achieve a deeper understanding of its effect at the molecular level. In particular, the study of the effects of such bioactive compounds on various biological processes, from digestion to cellular responses, is required to fully understand the overall effects of plant materials in these health contexts. In this review, I summarize the bioactive compounds we have recently studied in our research group that target digestive enzymes, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, myocyte glucose uptake, and lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Abbreviations: AC: adenylyl cyclase; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; βAR: β-adrenergic receptor; CA: catecholamine; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; cGMP: cyclic guanosine monophosphate; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase-4; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GC: guanylyl cyclase; GH: growth hormone; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide-1; GLUT: glucose transporter; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IR: insulin receptor; IRS: insulin receptor substrate; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; MEK: MAPK/ERK kinase; MG: maltase-glucoamylase; NP: natriuretic peptide; NPR: natriuretic peptide receptor; mTORC2: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex-2; PC: proanthocyanidin; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PKB (AKT): protein kinase B; PKG: cGMP-dependent protein kinase; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; SGLT1: sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1; SI: sucrase-isomaltase; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TNFα: tumor necrosis factor-α
Hitome de wakaru Shina jihen to Nisso kankei echizu /
No full textRelief shown by shading and pictorially.; 880-06 Published as supplement to a women magazine, 'Fujin Kurabu', Nov 1937 issue.; Legends include: frontline of China-Japan conflict, pill box of Soviet Army front lines, military ports, military airports, disposition of Red Army troops, the Great Wall of China, areas occupied by the Japanese army in the Sino-Japanese Conflict so far (as of 1 October 1937), areas bombed by the Japanese (as of 1 October 1937).; The main map includes numerous pictorial features of people in each country and region on the map. Names of major cities are given, and several charts, such as a chronological chart of development of Sino-Japanese War and the chart of Soviet Union's army's armaments.; 880-07 Seizu Ebihara Bingo --- on the edge of two maps on the other side; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6856147. Cartoon style map of China (Japanese Women's Club)Map of East Asia and Soviet, detailing the development of the SIno-Japanese Conflict and the relationship of the Soviet Union and Japan at that time.Shina jihen to Nisso kankei echizu880-03 title of the map on verso: Konan chiho jikyoku shosaizu880-0 4 title of the map on verso: Shanhai, Nankin fuki
Glucose uptake enhancing activity of puerarin and the role of C-glucoside suggested from activity of related compounds
No full textChemical treatment of diabetes mellitus is widely studied and controlling of blood glucose level is the main course of therapy. In type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance is the major problem. An isoflavone C-glucoside, puerarin (1), is known to enhance glucose uptake into the insulin sensitive cell and is thought to be a candidate for treatment of diabetes mellitus. We synthesized 1 and several derivatives to apply for the structure-activity relationship study. The result against 3T3-L1 adipocyte indicated that the C-glucoside part of 1 is unconcerned in its activity when tested in vitro and the main structure responsible for its activity was the isoflavone moiety
sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221108395 – Supplemental material for Chemotherapy for patients with advanced lung cancer with interstitial lung disease: a prospective observational study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221108395 for Chemotherapy for patients with advanced lung cancer with interstitial lung disease: a prospective observational study by Keigo Koda, Yasunori Enomoto, Yoichiro Aoshima, Yusuke Amano, Shinpei Kato, Hirotsugu Hasegawa, Takashi Matsui, Koshi Yokomura, Eisuke Mochizuki, Shun Matsuura, Naoki Koshimizu, Meiko Morita, Suguru Kojima, Ayano Watanabe, Yoshiyuki Oyama, Masaki Ikeda, Hideki Kusagaya, Tomohiro Uto, Jun Sato, Shiro Imokawa, Masato Kono, Dai Hashimoto, Yosuke Kamiya, Mikio Toyoshima, Kazuhiro Asada, Masako Morita, Masashi Mikamo, Hideki Yasui, Hironao Hozumi, Masato Karayama, Yuzo Suzuki, Kazuki Furuhashi, Tomoyuki Fujisawa, Noriyuki Enomoto, Yutaro Nakamura, Naoki Inui and Takafumi Suda in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
TAS2R expression profile in brown adipose, white adipose, skeletal muscle, small intestine, liver and common cell lines derived from mice
No full textThe taste 2 receptors (TAS2Rs) comprise a family of G-protein-coupled receptors, of which 25 subtypes and 35 subtypes have been identified in humans and mice, respectively. TAS2Rs are orally expressed receptors responsible for perceiving bitter compounds and sensing bitter tastes. Over the last decade, investigations have uncovered TAS2R expression in some extraoral tissues and roles for TAS2Rs in the airways and gut, while their expression and function in other extraoral organs have been largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA expression of TAS2Rs in mice total RNA derived from brown adipose, white adipose, skeletal muscle, small intestine and liver, along with two common mouse-derived cell lines (3T3-L1 and C2C12). Nine members of TAS2R were characterized in brown adipose, 11 in white adipose, 8 in skeletal muscle, 10 in small intestine, and 8 in liver tissues. Both cell lines were found to express multiple TAS2Rs reflecting the expression of corresponding tissues. These results suggest that TAS2Rs may have functions in the corresponding organs and that 3T3-L1 and C2C12 may be useful as model cell lines to explore the functions of TAS2Rs
Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction enhances AAV mediated gene transfection: human RPE cells in vitro and the rat retina in vivo
No full textThe present study was performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) mediated rAAV2-EGFP to cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells _in vitro_ and the rat retina _in vivo_. _In vitro_ study, cultured human RPE cells were exposed to US under different conditions with or without microbubbles. Furthermore, the effect of UTMD to rAAV2-EGFP itself and the cells were evaluated. _In vivo_ study, gene transfer was examined by injecting rAAV2-EGFP into the subretinal space of the rats with or without microbubbles and then exposed to US. We investigated EGFP expression _in vivo_ via stereomicroscopy and performed quantitative analysis by Axiovision 3.1 software. HE staining and frozen sections were used to observe tissue damage and location of EGFP gene expression. _In vitro_ study, the transfection efficiency of rAAV2-EGFP increased 74.85% under the optimal UTMD conditions. Furthermore, there was almost no cytotoxicity to the cells and rAAV2-EGFP itself. _In vivo_ study, UTMD could be used safely to enhance and accelerate transgene expression of the retina. Fluorescence expression was mainly located in the layer of retina. UTMD is a promising method for gene delivery to the retina
STUDIES ON PT122M : PLASMA CONCENTRATION IN IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION AND EFFECTS ON BLOOD CHEMICAL VALUES
No full textPT-122M (doxycycline hydrochloride) was administered intravenously to 4 subjects with normal renal function and 7 with moderately impaired and 11 with severely impaired. Plasma concentration and urinary excretion of the given antibiotic were investigated. Dosage was 200 mg on the first day and 100 mg per day for the following six days. No accumulation of the drug was observed in those who have some renal function left. Some accumulation was noted in those under hemodialysis because of no renal function. Blood chemical data remained stable despite administration of the drug. Only one case complained nausea which was relieved by slowing the speed of intravenous injection. No side effects were observed in others
Synthesis and α-amylase inhibitory activity of glucose–deoxynojirimycin conjugates
No full textInhibitors of α-amylase have attracted attention for their putative effects against diabetes mellitus. Although numerous studies have explored natural small molecule inhibitors, acarbose is currently the only compound with sufficient inhibitory potency and drug-like characteristics to be considered as a potential therapeutic agent. We have synthesized conjugates of the potent glucosidase inhibitor, 1-deoxynojirimycin, and glucose, with the aim of enhancing inhibitory activity against α-amylase. This synthetic conjugate showed increased inhibition of α-amylase compared to 1-deoxynojirimycin alone, suggesting that similar modifications of existing glucosidase inhibitors may yield more potent α-amylase inhibitors
Governance and economic growth
No full textBecause protection of property rights cannot be appropriated by any individual, it is widely recognized as being the state's responsibility. Moreover, recent empirical evidence suggests that protection of property rights leads to higher investment levels and faster growth. The extent of property rights protection differs significantly across countries. The author integrates the emergence of property rights within a simple growth framework. Drawing on North (1990), he presents a model where economic performance and enforcement of property rights may reinforce each other.Initial conditions determine the economy's convergence to a high-income or a low-income steady state. Existing empirical evidence offers tentative support for this theory.Judicial System Reform,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Common Property Resource Development,Economic Theory&Research,Inequality,Common Property Resource Development,Environmental Economics&Policies,Governance Indicators
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