2,004 research outputs found
Health Care Utilization and Costs Among Transition-Age Young Adult Medicare Beneficiaries With Autism Spectrum Disorder
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/30/2017
Our study of Medicare claims found that young adults with autism spectrum disorder (N > 5,500) experienced low rates of preventive and occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy service use and high rates of emergency department use. There is a need for wellness and preventive services, creating opportunities for OT to develop interventions to improve care.
Primary Author and Speaker: Teal W. Benevides
Contributing Authors: Henry Carretta, Katelyn Graves</jats:p
Letter from Henry S. Graves, Forest Service to Carl Hayden
No full textLetter from Henry Graves to Carl T. Hayden regarding the land ownership and grazing rights of the Havasupai
Portrait of author Jackson A. Graves, [s.d.]
No full textPhotographic portrait of author Jackson A. Graves, [s.d.]. Graves is shown from his upper torso to his head and is looking to the right. He is wearing a light-colored suit, a light shirt, and a dark tie with a square pattern. He has light-colored hair that is neatly combed and parted at left, a thick light mustache, and light eyebrows. There are large bags beneath his eyes and his ears are very big
Dangerous Descent of the Aeronauts at Rainham in Essex
No full textFirst-hand accounts of a difficult balloon descent made in Rainham by Charles Green and Richard Graves MacDonnell on August 17, 1840. An accompanying illustration shows the balloon landing in tall grass during high winds.For more information about this item, visit https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/73
Dangerous Descent of the Aeronauts at Rainham
No full textFirst-hand accounts of a difficult balloon descent made in Rainham by Charles Green and Richard Graves MacDonnell on August 17, 1840. An accompanying illustration shows the balloon landing in tall grass during high winds.For more information about this item, visit https://archivesspace.mit.edu/repositories/2/digital_objects/65
[New Officer "Onus Probandi"] with note from Fred J. Graves, Chief of Internal Security at Gila River
No full textTraining manual for new police officers written by Fred J. Graves, Chief of Internal Security at the Gila River incarceration camp. Includes handwritten note from Graves to Schmidt.The Willard Schmidt collection, documents some of the administrative duties of Willard Schmidt, the Chief of Internal Security for the War Relocation Authority and the Tule Lake incarceration/segregation camp. This collection contains administrative records and photos documenting the Tule Lake camp, the largest incarceration camp with a peak population of 18,789 and with the most turbulent history. In 1943, the camp was turned into a segregation center to house "disloyal" Japanese Americans relocated from other camps based on their answers to a confusing loyalty questionnaire. The camp endured martial law from November 1943- Jan 1944 after escalating protests and unrest. The hostile environment of the camp lead to many incarcerees renouncing their American citizenship upon the end of incarceration, a process which took 14 years to reverse if they did not wish to be deported to Japan
Neurally dissociable cognitive components of reading deficits in subacute stroke
No full textAccording to cognitive models of reading, words are processed by interacting orthographic (spelling), phonological (sound), and semantic (meaning) information. Despite extensive study of the neural basis of reading in healthy participants, little group data exist on patients with reading deficits from focal brain damage pointing to critical neural systems for reading. Here, we report on one such study. We have performed neuropsychological testing and magnetic resonance imaging on 11 patients with left-hemisphere stroke (<=5 weeks post-stroke). Patients completed tasks assessing cognitive components of reading such as semantics (matching picture or word choices to a target based on meaning), phonology (matching word choices to a target based on rhyming), and orthography (a two-alternative forced choice of the most plausible non-word). They also read aloud pseudowords and words with high or low levels of usage frequency, imageability, and spelling-sound consistency. As predicted by the cognitive model, when averaged across patients, the influence of semantics was most salient for low-frequency, low-consistency words, when phonological decoding is especially difficult. Qualitative subtraction analyses revealed lesion sites specific to phonological processing. These areas were consistent with those shown previously to activate for phonology in healthy participants, including supramarginal, posterior superior temporal, middle temporal, inferior frontal gyri, and underlying white matter. Notable divergence between this analysis and previous functional imaging is the association of lesions in the mid-fusiform gyrus and anterior temporal lobe with phonological reading deficits. This study represents progress toward identifying brain lesion-deficit relationships in the cognitive components of reading. Such correspondences are expected to help not only better understand the neural mechanisms of reading, but may also help tailor reading therapy to individual neurocognitive deficit profiles.Peer reviewe
The Neural Basis of Successful Word Reading in Aphasia
No full textObjective: Understanding the neural basis of recovery from stroke is a major research goal. Many functional neuroimaging studies have identified changes in brain activity in people with aphasia, but it is unclear whether these changes truly support successful performance or merely reflect increased task difficulty. We addressed this problem by examining differences in brain activity associated with correct and incorrect responses on an overt reading task. On the basis of previous proposals that semantic retrieval can assist pronunciation of written words, we hypothesized that recruitment of semantic areas would be greater on successful trials. Methods: Participants were 21 patients with left-hemisphere stroke with phonologic retrieval deficits. They read words aloud during an event-related fMRI paradigm. BOLD signals obtained during correct and incorrect trials were contrasted to highlight brain activity specific to successful trials. Results: Successful word reading was associated with higher BOLD signal in the left angular gyrus. In contrast, BOLD signal in bilateral posterior inferior frontal cortex, SMA, and anterior cingulate cortex was greater on incorrect trials. Interpretation: These data show for the first time the brain regions where neural activity is correlated specifically with successful performance in people with aphasia. The angular gyrus is a key node in the semantic network, consistent with the hypothesis that additional recruitment of the semantic system contributes to successful word production when phonologic retrieval is impaired. Higher activity in other brain regions during incorrect trials likely reflects secondary engagement of attention, working memory, and error monitoring processes when phonologic retrieval is unsuccessful.Peer reviewe
Surface Errors Without Semantic Impairment in Acquired Dyslexia: A Voxel-Based Lesion-Symptom Mapping Study
No full textPatients with surface dyslexia have disproportionate difficulty pronouncing irregularly spelled words (e.g., pint), suggesting impaired use of lexical-semantic information to mediate phonological retrieval. Patients with this deficit also make characteristic "regularization" errors, in which an irregularly spelled word is mispronounced by incorrect application of regular spelling-sound correspondences (e.g., reading plaid as "played"), indicating over-reliance on sublexical grapheme-phoneme correspondences. We examined the neuroanatomical correlates of this specific error type in 45 left hemisphere chronic stroke patients. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) showed a strong positive relationship between the rate of regularization errors and damage to the posterior half of the left middle temporal gyrus. Semantic deficits on tests of single-word comprehension were generally mild, and these deficits were not correlated with the rate of regularization errors. Furthermore, the deep occipital-temporal white matter locus associated with these mild semantic deficits was distinct from the lesion site associated with regularization errors. Thus, in contrast to patients with surface dyslexia and semantic impairment from anterior temporal lobe degeneration, surface errors in our patients were not related to a semantic deficit. We propose that these patients have an inability to link intact semantic representations with phonological representations. The data provide novel evidence for a post-semantic mechanism mediating the production of surface errors, and suggest that the posterior middle temporal gyrus may compute an intermediate representation linking semantics with phonology.Peer reviewe
Portrait of banker and author Jackson Alpheus Graves, ca.1910-1920
No full textPhotographic portrait of banker and author Jackson Alpheus Graves (Jackson C.? Graves), ca.1910-1920. Viewed from the chest up. He is wearing a long polka-dot tie with tie-pin, light-colored shirt, and pin-stripe jacket. He has short white hair with a receding hairline. He has a short mustache. He is turned slightly to his left. He lived from 1852 to 1933.; Graves authored the book "My seventy years in California, 1857-1927"
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