435 research outputs found
Foraminiferal faunal responses to monsoon-driven changes in organic matter and oxygen availability at 140 m and 300 m water depth in the NE Arabian Sea
No full textThe faunal responses of benthic Foraminifera were investigated during 2003 at two contrasting sites in the Pakistan margin oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Bottom-water-dissolved oxygen concentrations at the seasonally hypoxic 140 m site varied from 2.06 ml l-1 (92±4 µM) during the intermonsoon period (April) to 0.11 ml l-1 (5.0±0.4 µM) during the post-monsoon period (October); corresponding values at the 300 m site in the OMZ core, were 0.053 and 0.057 ml l-1 (2.36±0.09 and 2.56±0.29 µM). Live macrofaunal (>300 µm) Foraminifera (including soft-walled species) and Metazoa were examined in replicate multicore samples taken at each site during the 2003 intermonsoon and post-monsoon seasons. A low-diversity foraminiferal assemblage was dominated (>60%) by calcareous species at both sites. A total of 36 species was recognised and diversity was not greatly affected by water depth or season. At both sites, >86% of Foraminifera were restricted to the 0–1 cm layer of sediment and the ALD5 decreased from the intermonsoon to the post-monsoon periods. Densities increased from 124 (intermonsoon) to 153 (post-monsoon) indiv. 10 cm–2 at 140 m and from 86 to 122 indiv. 10 cm-2 at 300 m. Much of this increase was accounted for by the dominant species, Uvigerina ex. gr. semiornata. At 140 m, Foraminifera were 3.6 times more abundant than metazoans during the intermonsoon period, rising to 13.9 times during the post-monsoon period. The corresponding proportions at 300 m, where metazoans were rare, were 12.4 and 14.5. We conclude that calcareous Foraminifera, in particular U. ex. gr. semiornata, play a central role in OM cycling on the sea floor in the upper part of the Pakistan margin OMZ.<br/
Community and trophic responses of benthic Foraminifera to oxygen gradients and organic enrichment
Get PDFGlobal warming and eutrophication are driving an expansion of hypoxia in the World Ocean. This will favour organisms, such as Foraminifera (testate protists), that tolerate low-oxygen conditions and may lead to an overall decline in marine biodiversity. With this in mind, community and trophic responses of benthic Foraminifera were investigated at two contrasting sites in the upper boundary (140 m water depth; bottom-water oxygen concentrations = 2.05 mll-1 during the spring intermonsoon and 0.11 mll-1 during the SW monsoon) and the core (300 m water depth; bottom-water oxygen concentration consistently ~ 0.11 mll-1) of an intense, natural, mid-water oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) on the Pakistan Margin, NE Arabian Sea. Live macrofaunal (>300 µm fraction) Foraminifera (including softwalled species) and metazoans were examined at each site during the 2003 spring intermonsoon (April) and SW monsoon (October) seasons (4 replicate multicores/site/season, 25.5cm2 surface area, 0-5 cm depth). Wet-sorting revealed a low diversity assemblage dominated (> 60 %) by calcareous Foraminifera at both sites. A total of 36 species was recognised and diversity was not greatly affected by water depth or season. At both sites, >86 % of Foraminifera were restricted to the upper 0-1 cm layer of sediment and the Average Living Depth (ALD) decreased from the spring intermonsoon to the SW monsoon (140 m, ALD5 = 0.41 to 0.33; 300 m, ALD5 = 0.65 to 0.44). Foraminifera increased in mean abundance from 124 to 153 individuals per 10 cm2 from the spring intermonsoon to the SW monsoon at 140 m and from 86 to 122 individuals per 10 cm2 at 300 m. The calcareous species Uvigerina ex. gr. semiornata dominated communities and increased in mean abundance from 54 to 118 individuals (140 m) and from 41 to 69 individuals (300 m) per 10 cm2 following the SW monsoon. At 140 m, Foraminifera were 3.6 times more abundant than metazoans during the spring intermonsoon, rising to 13.9 times during the SW monsoon. The corresponding proportions at 300 m, where metazoans were rare, were 12.4 and 14.5. Fatty acid biomarkers suggest that foraminiferal diets vary between species. The calcareous species U. ex. gr. semiornata, Bolivina aff. dilatata and Globobulimina cf. G. pyrula selectively ingested phytodetrital material, whereas the agglutinated species, Ammodiscus aff. cretaceus, Bathysiphon sp. nov. 1, and Reophax dentaliniformis favoured bacteria. Moreover, U. ex. gr. semiornata, rapidly ingested (within two days) 13C-labelled diatoms in shipboard laboratory and in situ pulse-chase experiments at the 140-m site following the SW monsoon. This enabled the uptake and processing of organic matter (OM) to be tracked in the foraminiferal cell into individual fatty acids, using Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (selective ion scan). These results suggest that calcareous Foraminifera, in particular U. ex. gr. semiornata, play a central role in OM cycling on the sea-floor in the upper part of the Pakistan margin OMZ
PHILIP LARKIN: INNOVAZIONI DI UN ANTI-MODERNO
No full textIn un recente sondaggio condotto dal Times su cinquanta scrittori britannici più amati dal dopoguerra a oggi, Philip Larkin è risultato il primo in classifica. Nonostante la sua produzione poetica si basi soltanto su quattro raccolte di versi pubblicate nell’arco di un trentennio a dieci anni di distanza l’una dall’altra, – The North Ship (1945), The Less Deceived (1955), The Whitsun Weddings (1964) e High Windows (1974), a cui si aggiungono pochi altri componimenti, Larkin gode di fama indiscussa. Lo testimoniano le riedizioni dei Collected Poems (1988) curati da Anthony Thwaite, le numerose monografie e i contributi critici che vanno ad arricchire la già copiosa bibliografia critica sul poeta. Notevole è anche il lavoro di approfondimento e divulgazione condotto dalla Philip Larkin Society, nata nel 1995 in occasione del decimo anniversario della morte dell’autore, che promuove e incoraggia gli studi larkiniani sia in territorio britannico che nel resto del mondo, grazie a programmi annuali fittissimi di eventi, conferenze, giornate di studio, incontri e alla preziosa rivista dell’associazione “About Larkin”.
Ciononostante, Larkin è ancora semisconosciuto in Italia, almeno al grande pubblico. A parte alcune traduzioni, la prima datata 1969, Le nozze di Pentecoste e altre poesie per Einaudi e, più recente, Finestre Alte (2002), sempre per Einaudi, nella nostra lingua è disponibile solo l’edizione del romanzo Turbamenti a Willow Gables (2003).
Si parte dal contesto culturale all’interno del quale l’autore inizia a muovere i primi passi, quello del Movement inglese, fenomeno letterario degli anni ‘50 del 1900, in cui Larkin si inserisce, interagendo e collaborando con altre figure altrettanto importanti come Donald Davie, John Wain, Thom Gunn, D.J. Enright ed Elizabeth Jennings; poi vengono descritti dettagliatamente i differenti punti di vista di Larkin e Kingsley Amis, fino ad analizzare l’influenza che Auden ha avuto su Larkin. Infine, ulteriore intento di questo elaborato, è quello di affrontare l’analisi dettagliata di alcuni testi poetici, tra i più significativi, contenuti nelle varie raccolte poetiche, per mostrare le differenti tematiche affrontate dall’autore. Il Movement, il fenomeno letterario più importante nell’Inghilterra del secondo dopoguerra, nasce tra il ‘53 e il ‘55, grazie ad alcuni poeti formatisi presso le università di Oxford a Cambridge. A Oxford nel 1940 si incontrano Philip Larkin e Kingsley Amis, i due rappresentanti più importanti del movimento, entrambi affascinati dal lavoro di Gavin Bone, uno studioso di poesia anglosassone. Entrambi pubblicano le loro prime opere con la Fortune Press. Successivamente sulla scena letteraria inglese compare John Wain, un altro futuro membro del Movement, che è attratto proprio dalla sobrietà, dallo stile sintetico e dalla Englishness dei due giovani scrittori. Sempre negli anni Quaranta, a Cambridge, D.J. Enright, Donald Davie e Thom Gunn fanno propri i valori di chiarezza, dedizione e disciplina, apprezzando i modelli letterari augustei che potessero fungere da esempi nella trattazione delle vicende quotidiane. A definire chiaramente il Movement compaiono poi due antologie, Poets of the Fifties, uscita nel 1955 a cura di D.J. Enright e New Lines di Robert Conquest. Nelle due raccolte compaiono gli stessi otto poeti: Enright, Wain, Conquest, Larkin, Davie, Holloway, Amis, Jennings, mentre Gunn è rappresentato soltanto in New Lines. La figura di maggior spicco nel Movement è quella di Philip Larkin (1922-1985), il quale è stato definito, secondo recenti studi, misogino, sprezzante nei confronti della classe operaia, sciovinista, onanista, pornografo e forse ammiratore (sulla scia del padre) della Germania hitleriana. L’ambientazione tipica delle sue poesie è la provincia industriale, con pub, alberghi georgiani, camere in affitto, corsie d’ospedale, fiere e chiese di periferia. I suoi antieroi sono soggetti egoisti ossessionati dalla propria morte, burocrati vittime della routine lavorativa, inetti in amore, uomini sulla mezza età che invidiano l’energia dei giovani, denigratori della vita e nostalgici di quella potenza imperiale oramai andata. Nonostante ciò, non riescono ad allontanarsi dal mondo a cui appartengono per affrontare l’ignoto, infatti Larkin stesso non voleva allontanarsi dalla sua Inghilterra, poiché sosteneva che prima o poi sarebbe dovuto tornare.
In a recent Times survey of the 50 most beloved British writers since the post-war period, Philip Larkin was the first. Although his poetic output is based on only four collections of verses published over a period of 30 years – The North Ship (1945), The Less Deceived (1955), The Whitsun Weddings (1964) and High Windows (1974), to which he has added few other compositions, Larkin enjoys undisputed fame. To confirm this, there are the re-editions of Anthony Thwaite’s Collected Poems (1988), as well as the numerous monographs and critical contributions that enrich the already copious critical bibliography on the poet. The Philip Larkin Society, founded in 1995 on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the author’s death, is also noteworthy. It promotes and encourages Larkin’s studies both in the UK and throughout the world, thanks to its extensive annual programmes of research and development. Larkin is still semi-unknown in Italy, at least to the general public. Apart from a few translations, the first one dated 1969, 'Le nozze di Pentecoste' and other poems for Einaudi and, more recently, 'Finestre Alte' (2002), also for Einaudi, only the edition of 'Turbamenti a Willow Gables' (2003) is available in our language. It starts from the cultural context within which the author begins to take his first steps, that of the English Movement, a literary phenomenon of the 1950s of 1900, in which Larkin enters, interacting and collaborating with other equally important figures such as Donald Davie, John Wain, Thom Gunn, D. J. Enright and Elizabeth Jennings; Larkin’s and Kingsley Amis’s different points of view are described in detail, and the influence Auden had on Larkin is analysed. Finally, a further aim of this work is to address the detailed analysis of some of the most significant poetic texts contained in the various collections of poetry, in order to show the differences The Movement, the most important literary phenomenon in post-World War II in England, was founded between '53 and '55 thanks to poets trained at the universities of Oxford in Cambridge. At Oxford in 1940 they met Philip Larkin and Kingsley Amis, the two most important representatives of the Movement, both fascinated by the work of Gavin Bone, a scholar of Anglo-Saxon poetry. Both publish their first works with Fortune Press. Later, John Wain, another future member of the Movement, appeared on the English literary scene, who was attracted by the sobriety, synthetic style and Englishness of the two young writers. Also in the 1940s, in Cambridge, D. J. Enright, Donald Davie and Thom Gunn adopted the values of clarity, dedication and discipline, appreciating the Augustan literary models that could serve as examples in dealing with everyday events. Two anthologies, Poets of the Fifties, published in 1955 by D. J. Enright and New Lines by Robert Conquest, clearly define the Movement. The same eight poets appear in the two collections: Enright, Wain, Conquest, Larkin, Davie, Holloway, Amis, Jennings, while Gunn is only represented on New Lines. The most prominent figure in the Movement is that of Philip Larkin (1922-1985), who has been described, according to recent studies, as a misogynist, scornful of the working class, chauvinist, onanist, pornographer and perhaps an admirer (in his father’s footsteps) of Hitler’s Germany. The typical setting of his poems is the industrial province, with pubs, Georgian hotels, rooms for rent, hospital wards, fairs and suburban churches. Its anti-heroes are selfish subjects obsessed with their own death, bureaucrats victims of the work routine, inept in love, middle-aged men who envy the energy of young people, denigrators of life and nostalgic for that power.Despite this, they are unable to move away from the world they belong to to to face the unknown, in fact Larkin himself did not want to move away from his England, because he argued that sooner or later he would have to return
Sharing news, making sense, saying thanks: patterns of talk on Twitter during the Queensland floods
Get PDFAbstract: This paper examines the discursive aspects of Twitter communication during the floods in the summer of 2010–2011 in Queensland, Australia. Using a representative sample of communication associated with the #qldfloods hashtag on Twitter, we coded and analysed the patterns of communication. We focus on key phenomena in the use of social media in crisis communication: communal sense-making practices, the negotiation of participant roles, and digital convergence around shared events. Social media is used both as a crisis communication and emergency management tool, as well as a space for participants to engage in emotional exchanges and communication of distress.Authored by Frances Shaw, Jean Burgess, Kate Crawford and Axel Bruns
Orbital effect for the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase in a quasi-two-dimensional superconductor in a parallel magnetic field
No full textWe theoretically study the orbital destructive effect against superconductivity in a parallel magnetic field in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO or LOFF) phase at zero temperature in a quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) conductor. We demonstrate that at zero temperature a special parameter, lambda = l(perpendicular to)(H)/d, is responsible for strength of the orbital effect, where l(perpendicular to)(H) is a typical "size" of the quasiclassical electron orbit in a magnetic field and d is the interplane distance. We discuss applications of our results to the existing experiments on the FFLO phase in the organic Q2D conductors kappa-(ET)(2)Cu(NCS)(2) and kappa-(ET)(2)Cu[N(CN)(2)]Cl.Authors retain "The right to use all or part of the Article, including the APS-prepared version without revision or modification, on the author(s)’ web home page or employer’s website and to make copies of all or part of the Article, including the APS-prepared version without revision or modification, for the author(s)’ and/or the employer’s use for educational or research purposes."This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
Live benthic foraminifera diversity in the 63-150 µm fraction of surface sediments from the Pakistan continental margin
No full textsummarizing the top 4 cm of the sediment (living fauna), core surface 25.5 cm**
Live benthic foraminifera diversity in the >150 µm fraction of surface sediments from the Pakistan continental margin
No full textsummarizing the top 4 cm of the sediment (living fauna), core surface 25.5 cm**
Benthic foraminifera (dead assemblages) in surface sediments from the Pakistan continental margin
No full textDead foraminifera from 2-3 cm sediment depth, slice 25.5 cm**
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