19 research outputs found
EPIPHANE CHKHAIDZE ON THE RELATION OF CHURCH AND STATE
No full textRecently, the Georgian Orthodox Church has become especially active in a matter of restoring the monarchy in Georgia. To clarify what lay and ecclesiastical people fighting for autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church thought about the restoration of royal institution, in the present article we recalled and examined the article: Epiphane Chkhaidze, Ecclesiastical Reform (“Sakhalkho Sakme”, №860, 26.VI, 1920, 2-3.)It is prominent with its knowledge of the matter and professionalism naturally leading to a desire to know even a bit about life and activity of its author. The work considers the person of Epiphane Chkhaidze, the main aspects of his biography and his attitude with the institution of the king on the basis of his considerations as a cleriRecently, the Georgian Orthodox Church has become especially active in a matter of restoring the monarchy in Georgia. To clarify what lay and ecclesiastical people fighting for autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church thought about the restoration of royal institution, in the present article we recalled and examined the article: Epiphane Chkhaidze, Ecclesiastical Reform (“Sakhalkho Sakme”, №860, 26.VI, 1920, 2-3.) It is prominent with its knowledge of the matter and professionalism naturally leading to a desire to know even a bit about life and activity of its author. The work considers the person of Epiphane Chkhaidze, the main aspects of his biography and his attitude with the institution of the king on the basis of his considerations as a cler
Spatially constrained tumour growth affects the patterns of clonal selection and neutral drift in cancer genomic data
No full textQuantification of the effect of spatial tumour sampling on the patterns of mutations detected in next-generation sequencing data is largely lacking. Here we use a spatial stochastic cellular automaton model of tumour growth that accounts for somatic mutations, selection, drift and spatial constrains, to simulate multi-region sequencing data derived from spatial sampling of a neoplasm. We show that the spatial structure of a solid cancer has a major impact on the detection of clonal selection and genetic drift from bulk sequencing data and single-cell sequencing data. Our results indicate that spatial constrains can introduce significant sampling biases when performing multi-region bulk sampling and that such bias becomes a major confounding factor for the measurement of the evolutionary dynamics of human tumours. We present a statistical inference framework that takes into account the spatial effects of a growing tumour and allows inferring the evolutionary dynamics from patient genomic data. Our analysis shows that measuring cancer evolution using next-generation sequencing while accounting for the numerous confounding factors requires a mechanistic model-based approach that captures the sources of noise in the data. Summary Sequencing the DNA of cancer cells from human tumours has become one of the main tools to study cancer biology. However, sequencing data are complex and often difficult to interpret. In particular, the way in which the tissue is sampled and the data are collected, impact the interpretation of the results significantly. We argue that understanding cancer genomic data requires mathematical models and computer simulations that tell us what we expect the data to look like, with the aim of understanding the impact of confounding factors and biases in the data generation step. In this study, we develop a spatial simulation of tumour growth that also simulates the data generation process, and demonstrate that biases in the sampling step and current technological limitations severely impact the interpretation of the results. We then provide a statistical framework that can be used to overcome these biases and more robustly measure aspects of the biology of tumours from the data
AUTHOR FORM "CREATION OF MARRIAGE MOTIVES" FOR DIAGNOSIS MOTIVATION OF MARRIAGE CREATION
No full textЧхаідзе, А. О. Авторська анкета "Мотиви створення шлюбу" для діагностики мотивації створення шлюбу / А. О. Чхаідзе // Вісник Чернігівського національного пед. ун-ту ім. Т. Г. Шевченка / гол. ред. М. О. Носко. - Чернігів : УНПУ, 2015. - Вип. 128. - С. 274-278.У статті наведена необхідність розробки авторської анкети, погляди
різних авторів на мотиви створення шлюбу. Описана авторська анкета,
методика проведення та обробки результатів. The problems of motivation and spiritual values are widely discussed in
literature.
Formation of psychological readiness for family life – is a multifaceted
problem that is associated with the maturity of the individual, the development of
consciousness and self-consciousness of the individual. We know that identity in
adolescence and early adolescence is structured around sexual development of the
individual. The level of sexual awareness and consciousness determines the needs,
values, motives of conduct as sexual beings. In scientific today's space full we don’t
have single technique for the diagnosis of motives marriage. So our goal was to
develop diagnostic tools.
For a more detailed analysis of the motives of marriage we broke them into
groups according to certain factors. The classification of factors we will rely on the
Frayburh’s development, which reduces motivation marriage to three main causes:
biological, social, cultural and economic. In our opinion, this classification lacks a
separate allocation of emotional reasons for the establishment of marriage. Based on
the Kovalev’s concept, who identified the leading reasons for the establishment of
marriage - love and spiritual values, we combined them into a group of marital
reasons "spiritual motives create a marriage". Therefore, we will use the following
classification of factors influencing the decision to marry: biological motives,
economic motives, social and cultural motives, religious motives.
Our questionnaire can be used in the work of psychologists; social workers
and teachers; employees of marriage agencies and staff departments account of civil
status. Can be used to study people from 16; no restrictions on age, level of education
or professional activities
Evolutionary dynamics of residual disease in human glioblastoma
No full textGlioblastoma is the most common and aggressive adult brain malignancy against which conventional surgery and chemoradiation provide limited benefit. Even when a good treatment response is obtained, recurrence inevitably occurs either locally (c.80%) or distally (c.20%), driven by cancer clones that are often genomically distinct from those in the primary tumour. Glioblastoma cells display a characteristic infiltrativephenotype, invading the surrounding tissue and often spreading across the whole brain. Cancer cells responsible for relapse can reside in two compartments of residual disease that are left behind after treatment: the infiltrated normal brain parenchyma, and the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ). However, these two sources of residual disease in glioblastoma are understudied because of the difficulty in sampling these regions during surgery. Here we present the results of whole-exome sequencing of 69 multi-region samples collected using fluorescence-guided resection from 11 patients, including the infiltrating tumour margin (M) and the SVZ for each patient, as well as matched blood. We used a phylogenomic approach to dissect the spatio-temporal evolution of each tumour and unveil the relation between residual disease and the main tumour mass. We also analysed two patients with paired primary-recurrence samples with matched residual disease. Our results suggest that infiltrative subclones can arise early during tumour growth in a subset of patients. After treatment, the infiltrative subclones may seed the growth of a recurrent tumour, thus representing the ‘missing link’ between the primary tumour and recurrent disease. These results are consistent with recognised clinical phenotypic behaviour and suggest that more specific therapeutic targeting of cells in the infiltrated brain parenchyma may improve patient’s outcome
The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Lymph Node Spread in Early Breast Cancer
No full textAbstract
Purpose: The most significant prognostic factor in early breast cancer is lymph node involvement. This stage between localized and systemic disease is key to understanding breast cancer progression; however, our knowledge of the evolution of lymph node malignant invasion remains limited, as most currently available data are derived from primary tumors.
Experimental Design: In 11 patients with treatment-naïve node-positive early breast cancer without clinical evidence of distant metastasis, we investigated lymph node evolution using spatial multiregion sequencing (n = 78 samples) of primary and lymph node deposits and genomic profiling of matched longitudinal circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA).
Results: Linear evolution from primary to lymph node was rare (1/11), whereas the majority of cases displayed either early divergence between primary and nodes (4/11) or no detectable divergence (6/11), where both primary and nodal cells belonged to a single recent expansion of a metastatic clone. Divergence of metastatic subclones was driven in part by APOBEC. Longitudinal ctDNA samples from 2 of 7 subjects with evaluable plasma taken perioperatively reflected the two major evolutionary patterns and demonstrate that private mutations can be detected even from early metastatic nodal deposits. Moreover, node removal resulted in disappearance of private lymph node mutations in ctDNA.
Conclusions: This study sheds new light on a crucial evolutionary step in the natural history of breast cancer, demonstrating early establishment of axillary lymph node metastasis in a substantial proportion of patients. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4763–70. ©2018 AACR.</jats:p
ალექსანდრე შოშია ჩხაიძის პიესის ,,ხიდის“ განხილვა
No full textWith this play, Shoshia Chkhaidze makes a significant contribution to the development of the history of Georgian theater, and not only to the theater, he also made fundamental changes in the drama and even in the formation and development of Georgian thought or critical thinking.His most creative work, based on justice or kayaking, has never faded and I believe it will never fade. His heart was full of human love, kindness, and wickedness. For him, the main thing was not to lose the original essence of a person and always remain a person. Do not be afraid of the most difficult challenges of life, always walk in the right and just way, where there will always be justice, morality and respect between people.Despite the existing political or economic background, the author was still not afraid of the interests of high-ranking officials and continued his work. A playwright is never betrayed for the credo of his own life, for high civic or moral positions. While every word had to be measured, satisfying, and acceptable to the interests of others, the playwright shattered every stereotype. It continued to operate beyond the prevailing rules and frameworks. Shoshia Chkhaidze, through the characters of "Bridge", perfectly presented his words, life position or any critical opinion.ამ პიესით შოშია ჩხაიძეს ქართული თეატრის ისტორიის განვითარებაში უმნიშვნელოვანესი წვლილი მიუძღვის და არა მარტო - თეატრის, მან თავისი დრამატურგიით ფუნდამენტური ცვლილებები შეიტანა ქართული აზროვნებისა თუ კრიტიკული აზროვნების ჩამოყალიბებისა და განვითარების პროცესშიც კი. მეტად ცხოვრებისეული, სამართლიანობასა თუ კაიკაცობაზე დაფუძნებული მისი შემოქმედებითი ნამუშევარი, არასდროს გახუნებულა და მიმაჩნია, რომ არც არასდროს გახუნდება. მისი გული სავსე იყო ადამიანთა სიყვარულით, სიკეთითა და უბოროტო საქციელებით. მისთვის უმთავრეს საგანს წარმოადგენდა, ადამიანს არ დაკარგვოდა პირვანდელი არსი და ყოველთვის დარჩეს ადამიანად. არ შეუშინდეს ცხოვრების ურთულეს გამოწვევებს, ყოველთვის იაროს სწორი და მართალი გზით, სადაც მუდამ იქნება სამართალი, მორალი და ადამიანთა შორის პატივისცემა. მიუხედავად არსებული პოლიტიკური თუ ეკონომიკური ფონისა, ავტორი მაინც არ უშინდებოდა მაღალი თანამდებობის პირების ინტერესებს და კვლავინდებურად აგრძელებდა თავის საქმიანობას. დრამატურგს არასოდეს უღალატია საკუთარი ცხოვრების კრედოსთვის, მაღალი მოქალაქეობრივი თუ ზნეობრივი პოზიციებისთვის. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ყოველი სიტყვა მოზომილი, სხვების ინტერესებისთვის დამაკმაყოფილებელი და მისაღები უნდა ყოფილიყო, დრამატურგი ყოველ სტერეოტიპს ამსხვრევდა. გაბატონებული წესისა და ჩარჩოების მიღმა კვლავ აგრძელებდა საქმიანობას. შოშია ჩხაიძემ ,,ხიდის“ პერსონაჟების მეშვეობით, სრულყოფილად წარმოაჩინა თავისი სათქმელი, ცხოვრებისეული პოზიცია თუ ყოველი კრიტიკული მოსაზრება
Abstract 4232: Spatially constrained tumor growth affects the patterns of clonal selection and neutral drift in cancer genomic data
No full textFeasibility of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme for patients with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Georgia: a single-site, randomised controlled trial from the Breathe Well Group
No full textOBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of delivering a culturally tailored pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programme and conducting a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT). DESIGN: A two-arm, randomised feasibility trial with a mixed-methods process evaluation. SETTING: Secondary care setting in Georgia, Europe. PARTICIPANTS: People with symptomatic spirometry-confirmed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease recruited from primary and secondary care. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio to a control group or intervention comprising 16 twice-weekly group PR sessions tailored to the Georgian setting. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Feasibility of the intervention and RCT were assessed according to: study recruitment, consent and follow-up, intervention fidelity, adherence and acceptability, using questionnaires and measurements at baseline, programme end and 6 months, and through qualitative interviews. RESULTS: The study recruited 60 participants (as planned): 54 (90%) were male, 10 (17%) had a forced expiratory volume in 1 second of ≤50% predicted. The mean MRC Dyspnoea Score was 3.3 (SD 0.5), and mean St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) 50.9 (SD 17.6). The rehabilitation specialists delivered the PR with fidelity. Thirteen (43.0%) participants attended at least 75% of the 16 planned sessions. Participants and rehabilitation specialists in the qualitative interviews reported that the programme was acceptable, but dropout rates were high in participants who lived outside Tbilisi and had to travel large distances. Outcome data were collected on 63.3% participants at 8 weeks and 88.0% participants at 6 months. Mean change in SGRQ total was −24.9 (95% CI −40.3 to –9.6) at programme end and −4.4 (95% CI −12.3 to 3.4) at 6 months follow-up for the intervention group and −0.5 (95% CI −8.1 to 7.0) and −8.1 (95% CI −16.5 to 0.3) for the usual care group at programme end and 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: It was feasible to deliver the tailored PR intervention. Approaches to improve uptake and adherence warrant further research. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN16184185
Supplementary Figure 3 from The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Lymph Node Spread in Early Breast Cancer
No full textFigure S3. Log-R-ratios and B-allele-frequency values.</p
Table S4 from The Spatiotemporal Evolution of Lymph Node Spread in Early Breast Cancer
No full textTargeted sequencing mutations cancer cell fractions used in Figure 2A and 4A</p
