1,720,990 research outputs found
Overcoming Challenges in O-Nitration: Selective Alcohol Nitration Deploying N,6-Dinitrosaccharin and Lewis Acid Catalysis.
No full textNitrate esters hold pivotal roles in pharmaceuticals, energetic materials, and atmospheric processes, motivating the development of efficient synthesis routes. Here, we present a novel catalytic method for the synthesis of nitrates via the direct O-nitration of alcohols, addressing limitations of current traditional methods. Leveraging bench-stable and recoverable N,6-dinitrosaccharin reagent, our catalytic strategy employs magnesium triflate to achieve mild and selective O-nitration of alcohols, offering broad substrate scope and unprecedented large functional group tolerance (e.g. alkenes, alkynes, carbonyls). DFT mechanistic studies reveal a dual role of the magnesium catalyst in the activation of both the nitrating reagent and the alcohol substrate. They also unveil a barrierless proton transfer upon formation of a widely-accepted - yet elusive in solution - nitrooxonium ion intermediate. Overall, our work contributes to the development of mild, selective, and sustainable approaches to nitrates synthesis, with potential applications in drug discovery, materials science, and environmental chemistry
Divergent functionalization of alkenes enabled by photoredox activation of CDFA and α-halo carboxylic acids.
No full textHerein we present our studies on the solvent-controlled difunctionalization of alkenes utilizing chlorodifluoroacetic acid (CDFA) and α-halo carboxylic acids for the synthesis of γ-lactones, γ-lactams and α,α-difluoroesters. Mechanistic insights revealed that photocatalytic reductive mesolytic cleavage of the C-X bond delivers elusive α-carboxyl alkyl radicals. In the presence of an olefin molecule, this species acts as a unique bifunctional intermediate allowing for stipulated formation of C-O, C-N and C-H bonds on Giese-type adducts via single electron transfer (SET) or hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) events. These protocols exhibit great efficiency across a broad spectrum of readily available α-halo carboxylic acids and are amenable to scalability in both batch and flow. To demonstrate the versatility of this concept, the synthesis of (±)-boivinianin A, its fluorinated analog and eupomatilone-6 natural products was successfully accomplished
Nitrative Difunctionalization of Alkenes via Cobalt-Mediated Radical Ligand Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover Photoredox Catalysis
No full textN -Nitroheterocycles: Bench-Stable Organic Reagents for Catalytic Ipso -Nitration of Aryl- and Heteroarylboronic Acids
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Review and Theoretical Analysis of Fluorinated Radicals in Direct CAr-H Functionalization of (Hetero)arenes.
No full textWe highlight key contributions in the field of direct radical CAr-H (hetero)aromatic functionalization involving fluorinated radicals. A compilation of Functional Group Transfer Reagents and their diverse activation mechanisms leading to the release of radicals are discussed. The substrate scope for each radical is analyzed and classified into three categories according to the electronic properties of the substrates. Density functional theory computational analysis provides insights into the chemical reactivity of several fluorinated radicals through their electrophilicity and nucleophilicity parameters. Theoretical analysis of their reduction potentials also highlights the remarkable correlation between electrophilicity and oxidizing ability. It is also established that highly fluorinated radicals (e.g.•OCF3) are capable of engaging in single-electron transfer (SET) processes rather than radical addition, which is in good agreement with experimental literature data. A reactivity scale, based on activation barrier of addition of these radicals to benzene is also elaborated using the high accuracy DLPNO-(U)CCSD(T) method
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions
No full textNew chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been developed and applied in the asymmetric Pd-catalyzed intramolecular a-arylation of amides producing 3,3-disubstituted-, spiro-, and aza-spirooxindoles in high yields (up to 99%) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). For the first time a palladacycle intermediates were isolated and fully characterized including X-ray crystal structure determinations. Analysis of these solid state structures demonstrates the importance of both the bulky tert-butyl groups and ortho-substituted aryl rings at the stereogenic centers of the ligand. Additionally, an extraordinarily efficient palladium-NHC catalyzed synthesis of highly enantioenriched 2,3-trans-fused indolines via asymmetric C(sp3)-H activation of an unactivated methylene unit was developed. It is noteworthy that this C-C coupling delivers the products with enantioselectivities of up to 95% ee despite the high temperature required. The initial results were extended to the synthesis of 2- and 2,3-disubstituted indolines. Racemic substrates reacted via highly asymmetric regiodivergent reactions
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