1,721,038 research outputs found
Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from tiger shrimps (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture in Kuching, Sarawak
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to isolate Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains in tiger shrimps, water and sediment samples of aquaculture farms in Kuching, Sarawak. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was compared. Shrimp culture is a very important economic activity in the world and one of the fastest growing industry in Malaysia. Problems with diseases are very common. The use of antibiotics and chemicals are thus widely used against these bacteria. There are many concern regarding the use of these chemicals in shrimp farms. Its potential impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance in the environment and human health arises. The bacterial isolation was performed using the disk diffusion method. This method involved the use of selective enrichment with alkaline peptone water and plating of the enrichment culture onto Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Sucrose. A total of 140 V. parahaemolyticus strains isolated from four different farms were examined for their antimicrobial resistance to 9 commonly used antimicrobials: ampicillin, gentamicin, neomycin, cephalothin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. The most frequently encountered form of resistance were resistance to ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (60%) and nalidixic acid (37.5%). The samples were totally susceptible to gentamicin and chloramphenicol. Low levels of resistance of less than 30% were demonstrated in the other antimicrobial agents. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) indices were highest for tiger shrimps isolates (0.27) and low for environmental sources, water samples (0.011). The results in this study confirm that all strains were susceptible to chloramphenicol. However, the resistance towards ampicillin, tetracycline and nalidixic acid suggest that the use of antimicrobials in tiger shrimps should be stopped to overcome future resistance problem. This study revealed useful information on the resistance pattern of V. parahaemolyticus towards antimicrobial agents. Constant monitoring of the antibiotic resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus in the study areas should be don
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Molecular confirmation and characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from retailed fish
No full textThe present study was conducted to assess the rapid molecular identification and characterization
of 45 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from 15 samples of 3 different types of fish (Kembung,
Bawal and Sangeh) in the Kuching-Samarahan district. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based
confirmation was done targeting the 450 bp fragment of the thermolabile (tl) gene, while DNA
fingerprinting was performed using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR
with the primer GEN15008. All the 45 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were positive for the tl
gene, however, only 34 were typable via RAPD-PCR with bands sizes ranging from slightly
over 250 bp to 2.5 kbp. The degree of diversity was then determined via the Simpson Index
which showed a value of 0.891, indicating high diversity among the isolates. Data from the
RAPD-PCR fingerprints were later used to construct a dendrogram for clustal analysis. From
the dendrogram, the 34 isolates were grouped into 2 major clusters containing 26 and 8 isolates,
respectively. Further analyses of the dendrogram also indicated that the 34 isolated were
clustered according to the period of sampling. This is an interesting observation as it shows the
high discriminatory capability of RAPD-PCR to be used as molecular epidemiological tool to
study the temporal distribution of V. parahaemolyticus
Water quality variations and decay rates of E.Coli in water and sediment of the Serin river
Full text linkVariations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Growth of Ornamental Plants In Constructed Wetlands Of Kuching City: Ecological Sanitation
Full text linkTwo common ornamental plant species Syzygium campanulatum and Ficus microcarpa were planted into small-scale constructed wetlands receiving grey water. Partially treated black water from septic tanks and grey water are discharged into storm water drains and subsequently into the rivers in Kuching, and discharge from households were the main pollution source ,of the Sarawak River. The option of urban ecological sanitation was explored by the Sarawak Government which involves separating wastewater at the source and recycling of nutrients. Grey water from selected households were channeled to a grease trap and then pumped to biofilters before flowing through a constructed wetland with two species of ornamental plants before discharge. The results indicated no major limitations to the use of municipal wastewater as an irrigation source in urban tree growth. The high photosynthetic rates of both species grown in the constructed wetland compared to the control plants indicated that the plants were able to utilize the available nutrient in the constructed wetland and perform normal physiological processes necessary for plant growth compared to the control plants. Height and dbh of both species wen: relatively higher than the control plants indicating that the wastewater serve as a source of fertilizer for the plants to grow. The growth performance of S. campanulatum was better compared to F. microcarpa in the constructed wetland and both species exhibited better growth performance compared to the control plants
Modelling the Decay of Escherichia Coli in Different Soils
Full text linkIntegrated famming of crop and animal enables (eSources from animal waste to be utilised. However, bacterial pollution is a concern. In this study, a bacterial model, ECOLI, was developed to simulate Escherichia coli density daily on land and its concentration in surface runoft'. Loss of E. coli was assumed to occur through decay,runoff, sediment and percolation. E. coli decay was assumed to follow the first order decay affected by soil pH, soil. temperature and soil moisture. In testing the model, the ECOLI model was interfaced with the GLEAMS-SWT hydrologic and erosion model. Calibration and evaluation was performed with field-scale data from Franklinton. louisiana. Fresh cow manure· was applied on grassed plots and runoff was collected and analysed Predicted E.coli concerntrations versus observed E. coli concentrations in surface runoff gave a regression line with coefficient of determination of 0.993, intercept of 0.011 and a slope of 0.995 indicating good agreement of model predicted conCentrations with observed concentrations. The ECOLI model can be used to study die effects of various animal waste application practices such as waste loadhtg mte, timing ofapplication and frequency of application. More research needs to be conducted to incorporate databases so as to expand the capabilities of this model
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