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Penentuan Aktivitas Enzim SGOT dan SGPT Pada Hewan Uji Kelinci Yang telah diberi Ekstrak Tiram Crassostrea iredalei Asal Pantai Takalar Sulawesi Selatan
No full textTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang Penentuan Aktivitas Enzim SGOT dan SGPT pada hewan Uji Kelinci yang telah Diberikan Ekstrak Tiram jenis Crassostrea iredalei yang berasal dari pantai Takalar Silawesi Selatan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas enzim SGOT dan SGPT hewan uji kelinci setelah perlakuan sebagai salah satu parameter hepatitis, menentukan konsentrasi isolate tiram yang memberikan aktivitas optimal dan menentukan golongan senyawa zat aktifnya. Tiram mula-mula diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan methanol selanjutnya ekstrak kering difraksinasi dengan pelarut etilasetat dan n-butanol. Ekstraksi yang diperoleh di uji pada kelinci yang telah diberi karbon tetraklorida. Setelah perlakuan selama 7 hari dan 14 hari dilakukan pengukuran SGOT dan SGPT sebagai salah satu parameter hepatitis dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer clinicon 4010 pada panjang gelombang 310 nm. Hasil pengukuran awal terhadap SGOT kelinci diperoleh 44-60 U/L dan SGPT awal adalah 54-75 U/L. Setelah diinduksi dengan karbon tetraklorida diperoleh hasil pengukuran sebesar 2-3 kali dari kadar awal. Hasil pengukuran setelah pemberian ekstrak tiram selama 14 hari secara berturut-turut diperoleh SGOT sebesar 49-60 U/L dan SGPT sebesar 54-60U/L. Hasil skrening senyawa kimia dalam ekstrak bahwa pemberian ekstrak tiram selama 14 hari secara berturut-turut pada kelinci dapat menurunkan kadar SGOT dan SGPT sampai kadar yang normal
Pengaruh variasi jenis pelarut asam pada ekstraksi kolagen dari ikan pari (Himantura gerrardi) dan Ikan tuna (thunnus Sp)
No full textTelah dilakukan penelitian mengenai ekstraksi kolagen tulang rawan ikan pari (himantura-gerrardi) dan kulit ikan tuna (Thunnus sp) menggunakan variasi jenis larutan asam. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan jenis asam yang efektif menghasilkan kolagen. Metode penelitian meliputi perlakuan awal yaitu pembersihan, perendaman masing-masing 3 x 24 jam dalam tiga larutan asam yaitu, asam asetat 0,5 N; asam sitrat 0,5 N dan asam klorida 0,5 N dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi dan elektroforesis. Hail penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendaman kolagen basah yang diperoleh pada masing-masing pelarut pengekstraksi asam asetat, asam sitrat dan asam klorida sebesar 0,1 % pada ikan pari sedangkan pada ikan tuna 1,2%, 0,7% dan 0,2%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa semua pelarut asam yang dipakai memiliki efektifitas yang sama pada ikan pari sedangkan pada ikan tuna paling tinggi diperoleh pada penggunaan pelarut asam asetat
Antimalarial Activity and Chemical Studies of Zingiber aromaticum (Zingiberaceae) Used as Traditional Medicine in Indonesia
No full textMalaria is one of the major health threats in the world especially in developing countries. The high price of medicinal drugs has necessitated the optimization of traditional medicine especially from plants with antimalarial properties as a source for inexpensive treatment of this disease. Zingiberaromaticum is the folk medicinal plant commonly used in Indonesia for the treatment of malaria. However, a scientific validation of this utilization was not previously observed. The aim of these studies was to evaluate the potential efficacy of Z. aromaticum as a source of new antimalarial drug. The methanol extract from the characterization. Fractionation and isolation of the methanolic extract by TLC followed by spectroscopic techniques IH-NMR, C-NMR and FTIR led to the identification of the active compound Zerumbone. The antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites to assess the concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC??????) of zerumbon and axtracts was screened in vitro. The result showed that activity of methanol and n-hexane extracts have a week antiplasmodial activity with IC?????? 74,13??g/ml and 53,45??g/ml respectively; whereas zerumbone was less active with IC ?????? 97,39??g/ml
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Natrium Hidroksida terhadap Rendemen Karaginan yang diperoleh dari rumput laut jenis Eucheuma spinosum asal kota Bau-bau
No full textPengaruh konsentrasi natrium hidroksida terhadap perolehan karaginan dari rumput laut Eucheuma spinosum asal kota Bau-Bau. Penelitian in bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh variasi konsentrasi natrium hidroksida terhadap perolehan karaginan dari rumput laut jenis Eucheuma spinosum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi selama 3 jam pada suhu 90???C menggunakan larutan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 5%, 7% dan 9%, hingga diperoleh ekstrak karaginan, selanjutnya dilakukan penyaringan sampai terbentuk filtrate karaginan. Filtrat karaginan dikeringkan dalam oven selama 6 jam pada suhu 60???C dan dihaluskan menjadi tepung karaginan. Hasil pengamatan organoleptis menunjukkan hasil yang positif baik bentuk, warna, baud an rasa. Hasil perhitungan uji rendemen karaginan dengan variasi konsentrasi NaOH yaitu 28,14%, 30,01% dan 32,07%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 9% diperoleh rendaman karaginan tertinggi yaitu 32,07
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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