1,720,963 research outputs found
Digital Pulse Shape Discrimination in Organic Scintillators for Fusion Applications
No full textStilbene and NE213 organic scintillators are commonly used for neutron and gamma-ray detection in mixed n/gamma fields due to their pulse shape discrimination properties. A system for n/gamma digital pulse shape discrimination (DPSD) and simultaneous pulse height analysis using a commercial 12-bit 200 MHz transient recorder is presented. The results of measurements performed on the fusion experiment FTU (Frascati Tokamak Upgrade) are described. The importance of DPSD for fusion applications and its advantages with respect to analog PSD are analyze
Fast digitizing techniques applied to scintillation detectors
No full textA 200 MHz 12-bit fast transient recorder card has been used for the digitization of pulses from photomultipliers coupled to organic scintillation detectors. Two modes of operation have been developed at ENEA-Frascati: a) continuous acquisition up to a maximum duration of similar to 1.3 s corresponding to the full on-board memory (256 MSamples) of the card: in this mode, all scintillation events are recorded; b) non-continuous acquisition in which digitization is triggered by those scintillaton events whose amplitude is above a threshold value: the digitizing interval after each trigger can be set according to the typical decay time of the scintillation events; longer acquisition durations (> 1.3 s) can be reached, although with dead time (needed for data storage) which depends on the incoming event rate. Several important features are provided by this novel digital approach: high count rate operation, pulse shape analysis, post-experiment data re-processing, pile-up identification and treatment. In particular, NE213 scintillators have been successfully used with this system for measurements in mixed neutron (n) and gamma (gamma) radiation fields from fusion plasmas: separation between gamma and neutron events is made by means of a dedicated software comparing the pulse charge integrated in two different time intervals and simultaneous neutron and gamma pulse height spectra can be recorded at total count rates in the MHz range. It has been demonstrated that, for scintillation detection applications, 12-bit fast transient recorder cards offer improved performance with respect to analogue hardware; other radiation detectors where pulse identification or high count rate is required might also benefit from such digitizing techniques
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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