1,720,964 research outputs found
Islam : how strong is it in the Soviet Union ? [Inquiry based on oral interviews with Soviet Germans repatriated from Central Asia in 1979]
No full textRasma Karklins, Islam: how strong is it in the Soviet Union? Inquiry based on oral interviews with Soviet Germans repatriated from Central Asia in 1979.
The article is based on interviews with former Soviet citizens of German ethnicity who lived in the Muslim areas of the USSR until their emigration in 1979. Respondents were asked whether the local Muslims still observe their religion and traditions. Replies were overwhelmingly affirmative, which is the more remarkable since the respondents mostly lived in areas that have never been the most Islamic ones and which frequently have an ethnically mixed population.
Comments and concrete illustrations of the contemporary observance of Islam in the Soviet Union are summarized and illustrated in three main sections: I. Reli gious observance, II. Islamic familial rites, and III. Social customs associated to Islam. A summary analysis in the fourth section of the article provides a ranking of the various aspects of Islam as it is observed by the Soviet Muslims today. According to this, the retention of social customs ranks lowest, religious observance takes a middle place with fasting and praying engaged in selectively, but in a manner impressive to the outside observer, and familial rites with a communal significance rank at the top. It is concluded that the continued strength of Islam in the USSR sets concrete barriers to ethnic integration in the familial and communal sphere, and, by implication, to full national integration.Rasma Karklins, Quelle est la force de l'islam en Union Soviétique ? Enquête basée sur des interviews orales avec des Allemands soviétiques rapatriés d'Asie Centrale en 1979.
La matière de cet article est tirée d'interviews avec d'anciens ressortissants soviétiques de nationalité allemande qui vivaient dans les régions musulmanes de l'URSS avant d'émigrer en 1979. Il a été demandé aux personnes interrogées si la population musulmane locale observait encore sa religion et ses traditions. Les réponses ont été affirmatives dans une écrasante majorité. Ce fait est d'autant plus digne d'intérêt que les personnes interrogées résidaient pour la plupart dans des régions qui n'ont jamais été parmi les plus islamisées et dont la population est souvent composée d'un mélange de nationalités.
Les commentaires qui illustrent le degré d'observance de l'islam à l'heure actuelle sont regroupés en trois sections principales : 1) pratique de la religion ; 2) rites islamiques familiaux ; 3) coutumes sociales liées à l'islam. La conclusion qui se dégage de cette analyse est la suivante : actuellement le respect des coutumes sociales occupe la dernière place ; la place intermédiaire revient à l'observance religieuse avec une prédominance du jeûne et de la prière, à sa convenance personnelle, mais d'une façon qui frappe l'observateur ; ce sont les rites familiaux qui ont une signification communautaire qui viennent en tête. On en conclut que la force toujours active de l'islam en URSS met des barrières concrètes à l'intégration ethnique dans la sphère familiale et communautaire, et implicitement à l'intégration nationale complète.Karklins Rasma. Islam : how strong is it in the Soviet Union ? [Inquiry based on oral interviews with Soviet Germans repatriated from Central Asia in 1979]. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 21, n°1, Janvier-Mars 1980. pp. 65-81
La révolution mondiale et les Allemands d'Union soviétique
No full textRasma Karklins, World Revolution and the Soviet Germans.
The article discusses the involvement of the German minority of the USSR in the early Bolshevik attempts to spread the world revolution to Germany. In the first years after the October revolution contacts between the Soviet Germans and their non-Soviet conationals abroad were strongly promoted and there was much propagandistic interaction. This special foreign revolutionary role of the Soviet Germans led them to benefit in terms of nationality policy, especially in regard to autonomous party organizations, intensified recruitment of native cadre, and stress on territorial autonomy. The latter was given a special revolutionary emphasis by the creation of the "Workers' Commune of Volgagermans" in October 1918 which was projected abroad as a nucleus for the future German socialist state.Rasma Karklins, La révolution mondiale et les Allemands d'Union Soviétique.
La présente étude est consacrée au rôle que joua la minorité allemande d'URSS dans les premières tentatives bolcheviques pour répandre la révolution mondiale en Allemagne. Dans les années qui suivirent la révolution d'Octobre, on fit tout pour favoriser les contacts entre les Allemands d'Union Soviétique et leurs compatriotes à l'extérieur dans un but de propagande réciproque. Le rôle que les Allemands d'Union Soviétique furent appelés à jouer leur valut de nombreux avantages. Ils bénéficièrent de la politique soviétique des nationalités, notamment pour tout ce qui concernait les organisations autonomes du parti, le recrutement intensifié des cadres nés en Russie, l'autonomie territoriale. C'est de ce dernier avantage qu'on escomptait le plus d'impact révolutionnaire : en effet la création de la Commune ouvrière des Allemands de la Volga, en octobre 1918, donna à l'étranger l'image de ce que serait le futur État socialiste allemand.Karklins Rasma. La révolution mondiale et les Allemands d'Union soviétique. In: Cahiers du monde russe et soviétique, vol. 16, n°3-4, Juillet-Décembre 1975. pp. 425-443
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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