1,720,988 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Improved estimates of risk of exposure to pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes
Full text linkThe exposure of humans to mosquitoes that carry infectious pathogens is a central component to assess the risk of people becoming infected with the pathogen and succumbing to a range of illness. Mosquito-borne illnesses are increasing, but the understanding of the effect of exposure to mosquitoes on the variability of risk has not always been clear. The risk of exposure to mosquito-borne pathogens is complicated by the transmission cycle of the pathogen, the dynamic nature of conditions that affect mosquito abundance and species- and regionally-specific mosquito biting behavior. In the United States, West Nile virus (WNV), transmitted by several species of Culex mosquitoes, has been the leading cause of mosquito-borne illness since its first introduction in 1999. The state of Illinois first encountered West Nile virus in 2001, and the first human cases were reported in 2002. The state has seen significant spatial and temporal variation in WNV cases since then. The overall objective of this dissertation work was to improve our understanding of spatial variability of risk for transmission of WNV to humans. We exploited long-term data on mosquito collection and testing, human WNV illness, weather, landscape, and demographic factors, and used statistical and geospatial approaches to address questions related to the factors that drive vector mosquito abundance, mosquito infection, and human WNV illness. We evaluated the local weather and landscape factors associated with Culex abundance first independently, and later used multilevel modeling approach to evaluate the joint effects and weather and landscape when both are analyzed together. We hypothesized that the estimates of mosquito abundance are affected by the trapping methods used to capture them, and we considered the degree to which this factor needs to be taken in to account when analyzing mosquito abundance data. Further, we developed weather based weekly prediction models for the WNV mosquito infection rate (MIR) for the state of Illinois and nine climate divisions. We observed that the MIR model performed better for northeastern Illinois where intensive mosquito surveillance is carried out compared to southern parts of the Illinois. Finally, we determined the fine-scale dynamic drivers of spatiotemporal variability in human WNV cases in the Chicago region. Using mixed-effects multiple logistic regression analysis, we identified that hot and dry weather conditions and higher mosquito infection rate in preceding weeks were the main drivers of spatiotemporal variability of human WNV illness in Chicago area, with some demographic and landscape characteristics contributing to it. In conclusion, our study helped to understand several essential factors associated with vector mosquito abundance, WNV mosquito infection, and human WNV illness, thus improving our understanding of the risk for pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes at fine geographical and temporal scales. We also demonstrated that the long-term surveillance data on mosquito data and human illness data coupled with publicly available weather, landscape, and demographic data can be successfully used to understand the drivers of disease and to develop prediction models. The knowledge we gained from our approach can be extrapolated to understand the spatial epidemiology of other mosquito-borne diseases, such as St. Louis encephalitis, dengue and chikungunya.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-12-01The student, Surendra Karki, accepted the attached license on 2017-12-05 at 10:34.The student, Surendra Karki, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-12-05 at 11:17.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-12-05 at 17:12.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11856 on 2018-03-13 at 09:56:51Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T15:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4
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Previous issue date: 2017-12-05Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105196
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:25:40Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105196
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:28:52Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 105196 on 2020-03-14T09:15:19Z
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Epidemiologic and Economic Analysis of Avian Influenza in Nepal
Full text linkMany countries, including Nepal, have been affected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks. There have been human mortalities in some countries and large numbers of poultry either died or were culled due to HPAI. The overall objective of this thesis was to improve our understanding of the epidemiology and economics of avian influenza (AI), and particularly HPAI, in Nepal.
We determined the seroprevalence of and risk factors for AI virus antibodies presence in ducks in Kathmandu, Nepal. The estimated true prevalence of AI viruses (AIV) antibodies was 27.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 24.6- 29.5]. Age of the ducks was identified as the only risk factor for AIV seropositivity. Ducks older than one year were more likely to be seropositive compared to ducks less than six months of age [Odds Ratio= 2.17 (95% CI: 1.07- 4.39)]. This study provided baseline information about seroprevalence of AIVs in Kathmandu that will benefit further research to differentiate the subtypes of AIVs circulating in Kathmandu.
We also evaluated alternatives to the current control program (CCP) for HPAI in Nepal. The considered alternatives were: (i) absence of control measures (ACM) and (ii) vaccinating 60% of the domestic poultry flock twice per year. Cost-benefit analysis approach was used to evaluate the economic feasibility of the programs. In terms of the benefit-cost ratio, our findings indicated that there is a return of 1.96 dollars for every dollar spent in the CCP compared to ACM. The net present value of the CCP versus ACM was US 13,745,454. These results support a continued investment into the CCP rather than ceasing to implement government regulated control measures and suggest that vaccination may be an even better control alternative.
In summary, our studies have highlighted the value of epidemiologic and economic analysis in research of AI. Our results are expected to lead to an improved understanding and awareness of AI in Nepal and to formulation of better control strategies
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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