1,720,982 research outputs found
Non-linear Urban Growth Dynamics: An analytical, spatial network-based assessment of the Metropolitan area of Tehran and its relationship with underlying social, economic and political processes
No full textThis research investigates urban growth dynamics using a spatial network model to explore how interactions between bottom-up growth and top-down planning shape spatial patterns and types. It begins by referring to the paradox of intensified informal growth as an unintended consequence of development planning, thereby situating a critical discussion on how the interaction between these drivers shapes trajectories of urban transformation and emerging spatial typologies. The research is grounded in space syntax theory, which posits a reciprocal relationship between spatial configuration and social structure, suggesting that insights into one can illuminate the other. Accordingly, the study investigates spatial typologies as the outcome of dynamic interactions between population growth and regulatory frameworks. While central planning establishes a structural basis for urban development, the findings underscore its limitations, revealing heterogeneous growth patterns and varied spatial arrangements that emerge even under ostensibly uniform planning regimes. This variability highlights the inherent complexities of urbanization and the constraints of centralized approaches in addressing its multifaceted nature.
Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines quantitative modelling with qualitative reasoning to model the city as a spatial network, analysing the interplay between spatial organization, spatial morphology, planning policies, and socio-political factors. This approach highlights the complex interdependencies between spatial organization and socio-political dynamics shaped by numerous, non-linear parameters. By examining these dynamics, the study bridges a gap in conventional urban planning discourse, with a tendency of direct classification and explanations for urban conditions and instead suggests that the emergent types shape a spectrum of conditions that accommodate the diverse social groups.
A key contribution of this research is the development of a lightweight analytical predictive tool generating a disparity index with a certain precision and minimal reliance on formal datasets. By anchoring its findings in empirical analysis of material urban spaces, the study advances an evidence-based understanding of urban complexity. It concludes that while planning provides a critical starting point for urban transformation, its outcomes are ultimately contingent upon the interplay between formal strategies and emergent, often unpredictable dynamics. This work makes a significant contribution to urban development discourse, highlighting some limitations of conventional planning frameworks and offering ways in which the complex process of growth and development can be better understood and maintained
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Using space syntax to analyze stress perception in open public space
No full textThis article contributes with preliminary data on how selected properties commonly used in Space Syntax research relate to users’ ratings of stress and spatial qualities in open public spaces (OPS). First, by conducting a literature research in the fields of Space Syntax and environmental psychology, a set of syntactical properties is extracted, which have been associated with health and stress-related measures in previous research. Second, the result of data construction from a sample of 22 OPS in Darmstadt, Germany is presented. Specifically, the sample is described with street network characteristics including global and local integration and connectivity, as well as isovist properties including total area, perimeter, vertices number and density, openness and roundness. In the third step, the constructed data is paired with city dwellers’ ratings (n=134) of the sample regarding to stress perception and urban design qualities using a set of bipolar adjectives (e.g. max. stressful / max. relaxing, spacious / narrow). Significant relations have been found between global (r=N) and citywide (r=3000m) integration values and users’ ratings of OPS as being stressful, relaxing, safe as well as being exposed to traffic. A weak relation can be found between the vertices density of an OPS’s isovist and participants’ ratings of safety. Overall, the results indicate that line-based measures such as global and city wide integration may be valid measures to analyse stress perception in outdoor spaces. Selected point-based measures, which had been previously paired with cognitive measures in indoor settings, need to be subjected to further research to analyse the perception of outdoor settings, for which this article contributes with preliminary data
The Configurational Structures of Social Spaces: Space Syntax and Urban Morphology in the Context of Analytical, Evidence-Based Design
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Open AccessArticle
The Configurational Structures of Social Spaces: Space Syntax and Urban Morphology in the Context of Analytical, Evidence-Based Design
by Kayvan KarimiORCID
The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, London WC1H 0QB, UK
Land 2023, 12(11), 2084; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12112084
Received: 3 September 2023 / Revised: 14 November 2023 / Accepted: 16 November 2023 / Published: 20 November 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Morphology: A Perspective from Space)
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Abstract
This article presents an argument for the enhanced utilisation of urban morphology in urban design, drawing inspiration from space syntax theory and methodologies, advocating for the integration of social, economic, and cultural considerations alongside physical structures. This perspective shift entails transitioning from descriptive analysis to quantitative inquiries for the prediction and assessment of urban dynamics. By incorporating spatial analysis and socio-economic factors, urban morphology offers a competent understanding of the complexities inherent to urban environments. This comprehension supports the development of evidence-based designs and predictive models that enable such an approach in urban design. To operationalise this approach, the article introduces a methodology that interlinks urban morphology and design through a cyclic process encompassing analysis, design, evaluation, and further design development. This framework is illustrated through the case study of Jilin City, where an assessment of the public transport system led to a comprehensive urban design strategy. The study demonstrates how urban morphology insights, supported by analytical investigations enabled by space syntax methodology, can actively influence urban design and planning practices. By effectively embedding this morphological approach, urban designers and planners acquire the tools needed to navigate the evolving urban systems while respecting the interplay between physical structures and human existence. The article concludes by highlighting the need for an ongoing evolution of this approach to maintain relevance in shaping future urban settings
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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