1,720,957 research outputs found
Software watermarking using fixed size encoding and random dummy method insertion
Full text linkThe rise of software piracy has become rampant and a major concern among software developers. One of the techniques that can be used to discourage piracy is watermarking, by embedding developer’s watermark into software which can later be extracted to prove ownership. During the last few years, different algorithms were produced and developed to hide the watermark inside software. This paper enhances dummy method insertion technique in embedding and recognizing the watermark in Java class files. The enhancement includes the use of fixed size encoding scheme and random dummy method insertion. The proposed fixed size encoding scheme used hash function that can produce a fixed size watermark bit sequences. Random dummy method insertion selects a dummy method from a collection of dummy methods randomly. Finally, this study analyzes the enhancement of dummy method insertion technique using two different measures, namely data-rate and resilience of the watermarking algorithm. In terms of data rate, the results show that encoded watermark for proposed encoding scheme is always fixed even though size of watermark character is increased. In terms of resilience, experimental results show no similarity between class files and thus survived from collusion attack compared to previous method
Fixed size encoding scheme for software watermarking
No full textSoftware piracy has become a major threat to software developer. One of the techniques that can be used to discourage piracy is watermarking, by embedding developer's watermark into software which can later be extracted to prove ownership. During the last few years, different algorithms were developed to embed watermark inside the software. One of the algorithms is dummy method insertion technique whereby a dummy method that embeds watermark is inserted in software application. However, the disadvantage of this algorithm is that the watermark is embedded in a particular instruction in the dummy method. Due to that the length of the instruction is dependent on the length of the watermark. Thus, this situation put dummy method in suspicions and become noticeable to the pirates. In this paper, we present an encoding scheme that could produce fixed size encoded watermark and thus making the encoded watermark in the dummy method less noticeable. The proposed encoding scheme uses a hash function so that encoded watermark is always fixed even though the size of watermark character varies. As a result, our encoding scheme produced fixed size dummy method and could make the dummy method less noticeable to the pirates
A review on informed search algorithms for video games pathfinding
Full text linkPathfinding is a broadly applied algorithm that involved the discovery of routes between two positions by avoiding obstacles at the same time. Recently, a significant number of researchers focusing on informed search algorithms for pathfinding concerning games. However, review regarding the latest optimization in the pathfinding algorithm and its advantages still lacks in the literature. To organize this heterogeneity, this paper presents a review that focused on numerous modifications to enhance the execution of the informed search algorithm through four classified perspectives: i) modification to the graph representation, ii) enhancement of heuristic function, iii) hybrid search algorithm, and iv) new data structure. This paper also aims to discuss common challenges faced by pathfinding in video games and providing future trends for optimization. While incorporating pathfinding optimization over the past decade, this paper also aims to assist new researchers by emphasizing the potential path for further exploration
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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