160,730 research outputs found
Feedback from intra-cluster supernovae on the ICM in cooling flow galaxy clusters
No full textWe study the effect of heating and metal enrichment from supernovae (SNe) residing between galaxies on the Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM). Recent observations indicate that a considerable fraction ( ̃20%) of the SN Ia parent stellar population in galaxy clusters is intergalactic. By considering their effect on the relaxed progenitors of cooling flow clusters we propose that intra-cluster SNe can act as a distributed heating source which may influence the initial stages of the formation of cooling flows. We investigate the increase in cooling time as a function of the energy input supplied by SNe and their assumed spatial distribution, and conclude that intra-cluster SNe represent a heating source which in some clusters can cause a delay of the formation of cooling flows. This would imply that some cooling flows are younger than previously thought. We also discuss the impact that a large population of intra-cluster SNe could have on the chemical evolution of the ICM in cooling flow clusters
2D velocity fields of simulated interacting disc galaxies
No full textWe investigate distortions in the velocity fields of disc
galaxies and their use in revealing the dynamical state of
interacting galaxies at different redshifts. We model disc galaxies
in combined N-body/hydrodynamic simulations. 2D velocity fields of
the gas are extracted, which we place at different redshifts from
to to investigate resolution effects on the properties
of the velocity field. To quantify the structure of the velocity
field we also perform a kinemetry analysis. If the galaxy is
undisturbed we find that the rotation curve extracted from the 2D
field agrees well with long-slit rotation curves. This is not true
for interacting systems, as the kinematic axis is not well defined
and in general does not coincide with the photometric axis of the
system. For large (Milky way type) galaxies we find that distortions
are still visible at intermediate redshifts but are partly smeared
out. Thus a careful analysis of the velocity field is necessary
before using it for a Tully-Fisher study. For small galaxies (disc
scale length ~2 kpc) even strong distortions are not visible
in the velocity field at with currently available
angular resolution. Therefore we conclude that current distant
Tully-Fisher studies cannot give reliable results for low-mass
systems. Additionally we confirm the power of near-infrared integral
field spectrometers in combination with adaptive optics (such as
SINFONI) to study velocity fields of galaxies at high redshift
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Prof. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack.
No full textProf. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack at a reception of Insel Verlag, Buchmesse Frankfurt 1966LB
Nowe spojrzenie na planowanie architektury mieszkaniowej w afryce subsaharyjskiej
No full textThe author shares his reflections on state of art in housing and urban planning, deficiencies, expectations and possibilities in the Sahel region of Africa. He notices, that the housing problem in Africa is one of the challenges, which should be solved in order to recover life dignity of African people and secure their rights to traditional family life in acceptable conditions. The paper describes the studies on the typical dispersed urban structures and the need to foster this type of settlement structure and proposals of introduction of new on light steel frame housing system in the area of Sahel, combining the traditional way of building houses with modern technology. The particularly analysed case, is the housing problem in the Republic of Chad. The author presents the basic discussion on this topic and his architectural proposals. Unfortunately, the gap between the needs and the financial feasibility of housing construction in this area, makes this project already at the starting point extremely difficult to be realized without external subventions.Problem mieszkaniowy w Afryce jest jednym z wyzwań, które należy rozwiązać, aby Afrykanie mogli odzyskać godność życiową i zabezpieczyć swoje prawa do tradycyjnego życia rodzinnego w akceptowalnych warunkach. W artykule opisano badania nad typowymi rozproszonymi strukturami miejskimi i potrzebą wspierania tego typu struktur osadniczych oraz propozycji wprowadzenia nowego systemu konstrukcji domów, opartym na lekkim szkielecie stalowym, łączącym tradycyjny sposób budowania domów z nowoczesną technologią. Przypadkiem szczególnie analizowanym jest problem mieszkaniowy w Republice Czadu. Autor przedstawia podstawową dyskusję na ten temat i swoje propozycje architektoniczne. Niestety luka między potrzebami mieszkaniowymi w Czadzie a finansową wykonalnością budownictwa mieszkaniowego w tym obszarze sprawia, że projekt ten, już w punkcie wyjścia, jest niezwykle trudny do realizacji bez uzyskania zewnętrznych dotacji
Internal kinematics of isolated modelled disc galaxies
No full textWe present a systematic investigation of rotation curves
(RCs) of fully hydrodynamically simulated galaxies, including
cooling, star formation with associated feedback, and galactic
winds. Applying two commonly used fitting formulae to characterize
the RCs, we investigated systematic effects on the shape of RCs
by both the observational constraints and internal properties of the
galaxies. We mainly focused on effects that occur in measurements of
intermediate and high redshift galaxies. We found that RC
parameters are affected by the observational setup, like slit
misalignment or the spatial resolution and that they also depend on the
evolution of a galaxy. Therefore, a direct comparison of
quantities derived from measured RCs with predictions of
semi-analytic models is difficult. The virial velocity
, which is usually calculated and used by
semi-analytic models, can differ significantly from fit parameters
like or inferred from RCs. We found
that is usually lower than typical characteristic
velocities derived from RCs. alone is in general
not a robust estimator of the virial mass
Internal kinematics of modelled interacting disc galaxies
No full textWe present an investigation of galaxy-galaxy
interactions and their effects on the velocity fields of disc
galaxies in combined N-body/hydrodynamic simulations, which
include cooling, star formation with feedback, and galactic winds.
Rotation curves (RCs) of the gas are extracted from these
simulations in a way that follows the procedure applied to
observations of distant, small, and faint galaxies as closely as
possible. We show that galaxy-galaxy mergers and fly-bys disturb
the velocity fields significantly and hence the RCs of the
interacting galaxies, leading to asymmetries and distortions in
the RCs. Typical features of disturbed kinematics are
significantly rising or falling profiles in the direction of the
companion galaxy and pronounced bumps in the RCs. In addition,
tidal tails can leave strong imprints on the rotation curve. All
these features are observable for intermediate redshift galaxies,
on which we focus our investigations. We use a quantitative
measure for the asymmetry of rotation curves to show that the
appearance of these distortions strongly depends on the viewing
angle. We also find in this way that the velocity fields settle
back into relatively undisturbed equilibrium states after unequal
mass mergers and fly-bys. About 1 Gyr after the first encounter,
the RCs show no severe distortions anymore. These results are
consistent with previous theoretical and observational studies. As
an illustration of our results, we compare our simulated velocity
fields and direct images with rotation curves from VLT/FORS
spectroscopy and ACS images of a cluster at and find
remarkable similarities.
Seeing the world anew : the radical vision of Martin Waldseemüller's 1507 & 1516 world maps /
No full text9781929154470 (ISBN). 192915447X (ISBN). First edition 2012. Accompanied by 2 foldeds map in front and back pockets: 1507 map -- 1516 map.; Includes bibliographical references: pages 98-107.; Maps from pockets also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6254227; Original version of the 1507 map: Universalis cosmographiae secundum Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii alioru que lustrationes. [St. Dié, France? : s.n., 1507]; Original version of the 1516 map: Carta marina, navigatoria Portugallen, navigationes atque tocius cogniti orbis terre marisque formam naturamq[u]e situs et terminos nostris temporibus recognitos et ab antiquorum traditione differentes eciam quor[um] vetusti non meminerunt auctores hec generaliter indicat / consumatum est in oppido S. Deodati compositione et digestione Martini Waldseemuller Ilacomili. [St. Dié, France? : s.n., 1516]. Prologue: In a Renaissance Vision, a Glimpse of the Modern / John W. Hessler -- "An island surrounded on all sides by sea" : The World Map, 1507 / John W. Hessler -- "Land of Cuba, part of Asia" : The Carta marina, 1516 / Chet Van Duzer -- Epilogue: A Renaissance That Resonates Still / John W. Hessler -- Notes -- Afterword / Ralph E. Ehrenberg -- About the authors -- Acknowledgments -- The Maps: The 1507 World Map, 12 sheets, with commentary -- Composite: front pocket -- The 1516 Carta marina, 13 sheets, with commentary -- Composite: back pocket
Klimat społeczny w szkole inkluzyjnej
No full textAuthor presented in this paper theoretical approach to the building of social climate in an inclusive school. The publication indicatessome tendencies and directions of changes to improve the functioning of these institutions and to implement the idea of inclusive education.Autorka przedstawiła w artykule teoretyczne ujęcie zagadnienia związanego z budowaniem klimatu społecznego w szkole inkluzyjnej. W publikacji ukazano pewne dążenia i kierunki zmian, jakich należy dokonywać w masowych szkołach, aby poprawić jakość funkcjonowania tych placówek, tak by kierowały się one ideą edukacji włączającej
Ewolucja programowa FDP w polityce wschodniej w latach 1949-1969 w świetle nowych zasobów Archiwum Niemieckiego Liberalizmu
No full textZasadniczym celem artykułu jest analiza działalności programowej FDP w polityce wschodniej Republiki Federalnej Niemiec w latach 1949-1969. Autor wykorzystał nowe zasoby Archiwum Niemieckiego Liberalizmu w Gummersbach, co umożliwiło przedstawienie nowej oceny wpływu FDP na politykę wschodnią Republiki Federalnej Niemiec.The main goal of the article is to analyze the FDP's program activities in the eastern policy of the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1949-1969. Of great importance here is the fact that the author used in this work new archives from the Archives of German Liberalism in Gummersbach. This enabled him to present a new assessment of the FDP's impact on the eastern policy of the Federal Republic of Germany
Zasady szacowania gruntów w postępowaniach scaleniowych w Polsce
No full textThe subject of the study was the principles of land estimation used for the purpose of consolidation
proceedings, as they are applied in Poland.
The work examines the legal conditions relating to the estimation of land for the purposes of
consolidation. Documents prepared in the years 2005–2017 concerning land estimation (resolutions
of the consolidation participants, and protocols from the value estimates) have been
collected for 41 consolidated sites, located in 28 districts of 11 voivodships (regions). A survey
was conducted among the surveyors-designers of the consolidation proceedings, consisting of
19 questions. In the current year, the co-author of the present article was present at meetings of
consolidation proceedings’ participants, convened in order to determine the rules for estimating
land value on two sites located in different regions, and the material she collected during those
meetings was used in the article.
The collected data were subjected to an analysis, which showed that within Poland there is no
homogeneity in the method of estimating land value for the purpose of consolidation proceedings,
and that the method used to determine the value of land, taking into account the 1-hectare
estimated rate, and the price of 1dt of rye grain, according to the provisions of the agricultural
tax, is incompatible with the principles for the valuation of agricultural real estate, as specified in
the law on real estate management.Przedmiotem badań były zasady szacowania gruntów stosowane w postępowaniach scaleniowych w Polsce.
W ramach pracy przeanalizowano uwarunkowania prawne odnoszące się do szacunku gruntów na potrzeby scaleń. Zebrano dokumentację sporządzoną w latach 2005-2017 dotyczącą szacunku gruntów (uchwały uczestników scalenia i protokoły z przeprowadzonego szacunku) dla 41 obiektów scaleniowych, położonych na terenie 28 powiatów z 11 województw. Przeprowadzono ankietę wśród geodetów-projektantów scaleń, składającą się
z 19 pytań. Współautorka artykułu w bieżącym roku była obecna na spotkaniach uczestników scalenia, zwołanych w celu ustalenia zasad szacowania gruntów na dwóch obiektach, zlokalizowanych w różnych województwach i zebrane materiały dotyczące tych spotkań wykorzystane zostały w artykule.
Zgromadzone dane poddano analizie, która wykazała, że w Polsce nie ma jednolitości
w sposobie szacowania gruntów na potrzeby postępowań scaleniowych oraz że stosowany sposób określania wartości gruntów z uwzględnieniem stawek szacunkowych 1 ha oraz ceny 1dt żyta wg przepisów o podatku rolnym jest niezgodny z zasadami wyceny nieruchomości rolnych określonymi w ustawie o gospodarce nieruchomościami
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