153 research outputs found
How universities promote economic growth / editors, Shahid Yusuf, Kaoru Nabeshima.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.Book fair 2013.xxiv, 286 p. :With the competitiveness of firms in an open and integrated world environment increasingly reliant on technological capability, universities are being asked to take on a growing role in stimulating economic growth. Beyond imparting education, they are now viewed as sources of industrially valuable technical skills, innovations, and entrepreneurship. Developed and developing countries alike have made it a priority to realize this potential of universities to spur growth, a strategy that calls for coordinated policy actions
Global Change and East Asian Policy Initiatives
No full textMany East Asian economies have grown
briskly in the past few years. However, future development
will depend on the quality and timeliness of regional and
national policy actions. The policy agenda must address the
problems that buffeted the region in the late
1990s-associated with the weakness of domestic institutions
and policies in the context of globalization. These problems
include financial shocks, rapid shifts in the
competitiveness of major exports, changes in international
production networking, and significant reconfiguration in
the geographical composition of production systems that had
provided the foundation for growth. Sustaining dynamism in
East Asia requires policy initiatives that contain the risks
from shocks and manage the ongoing shifts and changes in
ways that enhance both the competitiveness of firms and the
stability of the economies. This report provides specific
policy responses that could be employed to navigate
successfully through periods of economic, political, and
technological turbulence. The book is a collection of
studies by leading experts in such fields as corporate and
political governance, economic policy, globalization, higher
education, legal reform, regional integration, and social
protection. The studies reflect the most current thinking
and research on global, regional, and national policies of
relevance to East Asian economies. It is an important
resource for policymakers, researchers and students
interested in East Asia
Global Production Networking and Technological Change in East Asia
No full textThis book examines the effects of the
changing global geography of production for the growth
prospects of East Asian economies. The authors conclude that
in the face of a global environment, economies in East Asia
need to adapt to the changing character of global production
networks and to nurture and develop technological
capabilities in order to sustain their growth prospects.
This is the third volume in a series of publications from a
study co-sponsored by the Government of Japan and the World
Bank to examine the sources of economic growth in East Asia.
The study was initiated in 1999 with the objective of
identifying the most promising path to development in the
light of global and regional changes
Growing Industrial Clusters in Asia : Serendipity and Science
No full textCan clusters be made to order? By Shahid
Yusuf. Lessons from the development of silicon valley and
its entrepreneurial support network for Japan by Martin
Kenney. The emergence of Hsinchu science park as an IT
cluster by Tain-Jy Chen. Coping with globalization of
production networks and digital convergence: the challenge
of ICT cluster development in Singapore by Poh-Kam Wong.
Bangalore cluster: evolution, growth, and challenges by
Rakesh Basant. ICT clusters and industrial restructuring in
the Republic of Korea: the case of Seoul by Sam Ock Park.
Constructing jurisdictional advantage in a mature economy:
the case of Kitakyushu, Japan by Maryann P. Feldman.
Kitakyushu: desperately seeking clusters by Kaoru Nabeshima
and Shoichi Yamashita
Can Malaysia escape the middle-income Trap ? a strategy for Penang
No full textHow can Penang upgrade and diversify its economy? This paper addresses this question using a number of methodologies that have been developed for assessing competitiveness and identifying the direction of future industrial evolution. The results show that although Penang was successful in attracting foreign direct investment to the electronics industry, this has not translated into a deepening of industrial capabilities or the nurturing of innovation capacity in Penang. No large Malaysian firms in Penang have taken the lead in innovation and there is little new entry by local firms, despite incentives provided by local and national governments are generous. Universiti Sains Malaysia, the principal university in Penang, is contributing through provision of skills, and it is beginning to multiply university industry linkages. However, the university’s research activities are too limited and too diffuse to significantly initiate innovation by local industry. Under the current circumstances, and given its relatively small size, Penang will have to try much harder to strengthen its competitive advantage in its most important industry -electronics- through actions that build research capital. It will also have to increase its efforts to develop the potential of other value-adding activities, such as medical services and tourism. A strategy focused on localization economies is likely to be the most feasible option.Technology Industry,Tertiary Education,E-Business,ICT Policy and Strategies,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems
Effects of the crisis on the automotive industry in developing countries : a global value chain perspective
No full textThis paper applies global value chain analysis to study recent trends in the global automotive industry. The authors pay special attention to the effects of the recent economic crisis on the industry in developing countries. The principal finding is that the crisis has accelerated pre-crisis trends toward greater importance of the industry in the South. More rapid growth of car ownership is the impetus, but the co-location and close interaction of suppliers and lead firms in this industry is an important catalyst. Opportunities to move up in the value chain for suppliers in emerging economies have proliferated and are likely to become even stronger now that an increasing number of new models are developed specifically for markets in developing countries. The co-location of assembly and parts plants in national and regional production systems has largely confined the impact of sales declines during the crisis to each country/region. In addition, the different development strategies followed by countries like Mexico, China, and India are slowly converging as their industries gain size and independence.Markets and Market Access,Microfinance,Labor Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Debt Markets
Innovation networks in China, Japan, and Korea : evidence from Japanese patent data
No full textThe growing importance of innovation in economic growth has encouraged the development of innovation capabilities in East Asia, within which China, Japan, and Korea are most important in terms of technological capabilities. Using Japanese patent data, we examine how knowledge networks have developed among these countries. We find that Japan's technological specialization saw little change, but those of Korea and China changed rapidly since 1970s. By the year 2009, technology specialization has become similar across three countries in the sense that the common field of prominent technology is "electronic circuits and communication technologies". Patent citations suggest that technology flows were largest in the electronic technology, pointing to the deepening of innovation networks in these countries.East Asia, China, South Korea, Japan, Technological innovations, Industrial technology, Patents, Technology transfer, Electronics, Telecommunication, Innovation network, Patent statistics
Raising the Quality of Secondary Education in East Asia
No full textThe author seeks to broaden our
understanding of the determinants of student achievement
among East Asian economies using the TIMSS-R data set and,
in the process, to remedy some of the ambiguities in the
literature to date. These ambiguities are frequently due to
the sparseness of detailed data on students, teachers, and
schools. The TIMSS-R data set offers detailed information on
these variables, which is not typically available from other
sources, allowing the author to isolate the impact of
various factors affecting student achievement, while
controlling for specific characteristics of the students,
teachers, and schools surveyed. The results indicate that
the most consistent factors affecting student performance
are characteristics associated with students (innate
abilities and home resources). Moreover, the author does not
find any consistent relationship between the performance of
students and school resources or teacher autonomy, both of
which are often advocated in the discussion of education reform
Raising the quality of secondary education in East Asia
No full textThe author seeks to broaden our understanding of the determinants of student achievement among East Asian economies using the TIMSS-R data set and, in the process, to remedy some of the ambiguities in the literature to date. These ambiguities are frequently due to the sparseness of detailed data on students, teachers, and schools. The TIMSS-R data set offers detailed information on these variables, which is not typically available from other sources, allowing the author to isolate the impact of various factors affecting student achievement, while controlling for specific characteristics of the students, teachers, and schools surveyed. The results indicate that the most consistent factors affecting student performance are characteristics associated with students (innate abilities and home resources). Moreover, the author does not find any consistent relationship between the performance of students and school resources or teacher autonomy, both of which are often advocated in the discussion of education reform.Teaching and Learning,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Primary Education,Gender and Education,Public Health Promotion,Teaching and Learning,Gender and Education,Primary Education,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Educational Sciences
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